Reflection: Patient and Surgery Center

Kimberly Blatnica Preceptor Site: Surgery Center at Regency Park Clinical Reflection 4 17 October 2012 Today’s clinical experience allowed for new education and skill practice. I was able to precept in post-op, which was a great change. Being in pre-op, we are responsible for receiving clients from the OR. We then monitor them, reeducate, prepare for and perform discharge, and cleaning the area that was used by disinfecting, tossing and replacing linens, and moving the bed to an empty room in pre-op. We receive report from the circulating nurse and the nurse anesthetist when they first bring the patient to recovery.Together we hook the patient up to the monitors and record the first set of vitals together. These include: blood pressure, heart rate, respirations, temperature, pulse ox, pain (if patient is conscious), and an ECG reading if they were general. When I first arrived to clinical today- I was told we were going to be busy. I was also able to work with clients’ receiving urology and ENT procedures, not just cataracts. Urology was new for me but I was excited to be doing something different. Learning needs identified for this experience were only regarding urology patients.They differ due to the use of general anesthesia, the need to void before discharge, education of post-op care, and pain medication administration. Learning needs I identified from this experience includes education about the different urology procedures and education, how to effectively care for a general anesthesia patient during recovery, and complications. I met my needs by asking many questions during clinical and the use of our textbook. One of my client’s primary concerns occurred after he received a cystoscopy with the insertion of an indwelling urethral stent.This patient was a 52 year old male, with mild hypertension. No other health concerns were noted in his chart. He originally scheduled the procedure in order to remove a very large stone. However afte r waking up and speaking with the surgeon, he was told he had been too inflamed for the procedure. The surgeon asked him to schedule a second attempt for the removal for next week, in hopes the stent would decrease the swelling. This client also did not know how to care for the stent. The stent will make a patient feel the constant urge to void. This sensation is often relieved by pain medication.It is very uncomfortable and can easily be dislodged while passing stool, wiping, cleaning the area, and getting dressed. This specidic stent is attached to a string that hangs outside the patient’s body. The stent can lead to infection if the area is not kept clean. These were important concepts to discuss with the client. Main points I helped to educate were: take pain medication every 6 hours to eliminate the likelihood of increased pain, drink plenty of fluid to help flush the renal system, no bathes, signs of infection, situations when to calling the doctor is a must, and how to care for the stent.I also helped administer 2 rounds of Fentanyl and two Percocet to help relieve his discomfort and urge to void. He was then able to void which resulted in blood tinged urine. We assured the patient this was normal for the first void following surgery. He was in a lot of pain during this process. It was more comfortable for him to stand, but during his stay he spent most of his time sitting. He also had a forty-five minute drive home, which is why we decided to administer two Percocet, instead of one. One course objective I met today was: demonstrate effective communication skills.This was completed during every education session I had with my patients and their family member/friend prior to discharge. Regardless of the procedure, every person is provided with post-op care instructions. A second course objective I met was: collaborate with patients, families, health care team members, and others in the provision of care. I worked side by side with great nurses all day. We worked as a team with interventions, time management, discussions about the patient’s needs and concerns, reports, and preparations. We also worked close with those working in the OR.Also, while educating patients, sometimes there is a need to collaborate alternatives. This is important to maintain outstanding health care. Report on one patient at least 3 times throughout the semester| The 52 year old male described previously received surgery today in hopes of removing a painful stone. He was experiencing abdominal pain and has had a history of past stones requiring surgery. Diagnostic studies for this patient included a previous x-ray and today’s cystoscopy. The indications for surgical stone removal include: stones too large for spontaneous assage, stones associated with infection or impaired renal function, stones which cause persistent pain, nausea, or ileus, a patient’s inability to be treated with medication, or a patient with only one kidney (Le wis, 1137). Those associated in this case were size, risk for infection, renal function, and pain. An aspect that differed from a typical care was the inability for stone removal and severe inflammation (Lewis, 1137-8). The passageway was so swollen; the surgeon could not even get near the stone’s location.Furthermore, usually patients will know why they have the reoccurrence of stones, while this patient did not. They hope after removing the stone, they will be able to prevent further episodes by testing the actual stone’s composition. Another patient I cared for today was a 17 month old male. His diagnosis was unspecified chronic nonsupportive otitis media. He received a typanostomy. Many symptoms and complications of otitis media in our text are congruent with this patient’s history- even though this patient is not an adult.The patient has a history of purulent exudates, bilateral hearing loss, and inflammation of the middle ear (Lewis, 426). Differentiating from our text, the child was often times seen pulling on his ears as a result of pain; while our text states it’s more likely to be painless (Lewis, 426). Complications of this disorder results in chronic inflammation which was most likely the cause of his pain. Typanoplasty, ear irrigations, antibiotics, analgesic, and surgery are all recommendations for those with Otitis media (Lewis, 426). These interventions were in the patient’s file.Today, he had the tubes removed from both ears and left with a prescription for Tylenol and antibiotics. This procedure was recommended if medication was not successful (Lewis, 426). | Report on at least ONCE throughout the semester | Today during the recovery of the 52 year old male mentioned above, we noticed he did not have his two prescriptions written. It was important we found the surgeon before he left (this happened to be his last case). The patient was missing his prescription for his antibiotic and pain medication. Both impo rtant for his recovery and duration between surgeries.My preceptor paged for the surgeon, and he happened to return before she returned to the patients area. I was feeding the patient ice cubes when he asked me what the call was for. I was able to show the surgeon his orders and blank scripts. He filled them out and I began to explain the use of and directions for both medications. I was able to communicate with the surgeon both effectively and professionally. Furthermore, it helped the surgeon was very nice- to staff and patients. I did not think or feel much about the interaction ahead of time. It happened so fast, but once it was over I was proud of myself.I feel even as a student nurse, you still have to be prepared for anything. If I could, I would change the fact the prescriptions were written out ahead of time. At the surgery center we have receptionists that organize our charts. These staff members keep the jobs of nurses and doctors organized and effective. A couple weeks a go, I was going through a chart and noticed a patient’s medication reconsolidation form was missing. By speaking to the receptionists, they were able to obtain another copy. This form is very important when discussing medication regimens with patients in post-op.It is important for new medications to be explained and checked for incompatibilities with other medications the patient is prescribed. I felt speaking to the receptionists was not much of a challenge; however, without their help we could have had a more serious complication. I do not feel receptionists get enough credit in the medical setting. They may not be running around all day; however, without them at the surgery center (which does not have EMRs) they play a role in patient safety and allow everyone else to perform their duties. |

Twentieth Century British Author

E. M. Forster (1879-1790) was the author of many well-known novels, and also several volumes of short-stories, essays and criticism. He is best-known for his 1924 novel A Passage to India, which has enjoyed a world-wide audience ever since its publication. Today he is considered as one of the prominent figures of British literature of the first half of the twentieth century. Forster once wrote, â€Å"Life is easy to chronicle, but bewildering to practice. † Edward Morgan Forster himself began his ‘bewildering practice’ on 1 January 1879, in London. When he was eight-years old, he inherited an amount ?8000 from his great-aunt, Marianne Thornton, of whom he would later write a biography. This inheritance was sufficient to let Forster pursue his education and literary career in relative freedom from financial constraints and worries. Upon his graduation from Tonbridge School, Forster secured admission into King's College, Cambridge where he studied classics and histo ry, and was partly under the tutelage of Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson, of whom he would later write a biography. At Cambridge, he was exposed to the values of liberal humanism and cultivated a respect for the freedom of individuality of human beings.Under the influence of the philosopher G. E. Moore, Forster developed an aesthetic belief that contemplating beauty of art constituted a nobler purpose in life. He also became a strong believer in the value of friendships, and struck lasting friendships which meant a great deal to him throughout his life. He would later travel to India with a group of university friends. â€Å"If I had to choose between betraying my country and betraying my friend, I hope I should have the guts to betray my country,† he would later say.During these years of higher education, Forster was a member of an intellectual clique at Cambridge called the ‘Apostles', and through them came into contact with the members of the Bloomsbury Group, with which he would associate more closely in the subsequent years (Childs 2002). Completing his education at Cambridge, he left England on a long trip to Italy and Austria, which would last for one year. Forster would spend a significant period of his life traveling. It was around this time, in 1901, that he began exercising his writing skills.He then started working at Working Men's College and subsequently taught at the extra-mural department of the Cambridge Local Lectures Board. Forster's literary career began in 1903, when he began writing for The Independent Review, a liberal publication that he co-founded with Lowes Dickinson and used as a platform for advocating anti-imperialism. Soon, Forster became a published author with the appearance of his first novel Where Angels Fear to Tread (1905). Forster used his knowledge of Italy to create a story that juxtaposed and contrasted the passionate world of Italy with the constricting values of suburban England.The result is a social comedy, which rather interestingly ends up as a tragedy dealing with rather unsavory aspects of death and frustrated love. It is the story of a young English widow, Lilia, who falls in love with an Italian, but the members of her family cannot accept this and try to wrest her back. This work was not well received by the public. By 1910, Forster would have written three more novels. The Longest Journey (1907) and A Room with a View (1908) exhibit a growing maturity in literary skills and artistic scope, and Howards End (1910) saw his rise to fame.Forster wrote most of his short stories and four novels before 1910. In the sixty years he lived after that, he would write only two novels, Maurice, in 1914, and A Passage to India, in 1924 (Tambling 1995). After publishing his first novel, Forster left for Germany and worked for several months as tutor to the Countess von Arnim, in a place called Nassenheide. This experience would serve him in the characterization of Schlegel sisters in Howards En d. Back in England, in 1907, he took on the role of a private tutor for an Indian Muslim, with whom he developed a close relationship that could be seen as homosexual love.Forster's famous work A Passage to India would be dedicated to this person. Forster was a covert homosexual all through his life. The posthumous publishing of his homosexual novel Maurice (1971) offers strong testimony to his sexual orientation, although it is difficult to ascertain how far his homosexual orientation may have influenced his work in general. However, he certainly felt frustrated for not being able to write about homosexual themes openly and it is possible that he stopped writing novels half-way through his life out of such frustration. In 1907, Forster wrote and published a novel about his Cambridge days, The Longest Journey.It tells the story of an undergraduate and a struggling writer, Rickie Elliot, who abandons friendship for the sake marriage, but is enlightened by his pagan half-brother. The Longest Journey was also Forster's favorite novel, despite the poor response it got from the critics and the public. Around this time, Forster was closely associated with the Bloomsbury Group, and was interacting with people such as Lytton Strachey and Rogery Fry. In his third novel, A Room with a View, which is also his second Anglo-Italian novel partly set in Florence and partly in English suburbia, Forster displays his contempt for English snobbery.It is a light and optimistic tale, a story of misunderstandings which however ends on a happy note as Lucy Honeychurch, the protagonist, acknowledges her love for the impulsive George Emerson over her feelings for the intellectual Cecil Vyse. Forster’s novels have already begun to display a common theme of sensitive characters struggling with the inflexibility of social codes that they are encumbered with as well the relative insensitivity of those around them.It can be conjectured that Forster’s frustration at the opposi tion of the conservative values of his time to his homosexuality may have taken a general form portraying the oppression of social rigidness in his novels. In 1910 came Howards End which is a social novel about sections of the middle classes, focusing on the question of who will inherit â€Å"Howards End,† which is Forster's metonym for England. The story centers on the relationship between the intellectual German Schelgel sisters and the practical, male-dominated, business-oriented Wilcox family.In the novel, Forster attempted to find a way for Wilcox money to become the support for Schlegel culture, and also for the future of rural England to be taken away from the influence of urban, commercial interests and placed once more in the hands of the farmers. The novel presents an ambitious social message, though not wholly practical or convincing. Howards End finally secured Forster's reputation and established him as a novelist. However, he would only publish one novel in the rest of his long life, besides sporadic publication of short stories, essays and so on.In 1911, Forster brought out a collection of short stories entitled The Celestial Omnibus. In 1912-13 he made his first visit to India, with R. C. Trevelyan, Dickinson and G. H. Luce. Here, he had the chance to observe the British colonial administration first-hand. After this trip, he wrote most of the first section of A Passage to India, but it was not until after a second visit, in 1921, when he spent six months as private secretary to a Hindu Maharajah, that he completed it. His masterpiece was published in 1924 and was unanimously praised by literary critics.Around this time he also worked on the homosexual novel Maurice: A Romance. Though it would not be published until after his death, it was circulated privately at the time, and is a story of cross-class homosexual love the kind of which Forster himself yearned for. During World War I, he worked with the International Red Cross and was sta tioned in Alexandria, Egypt. He also became a strong supporter of the Alexandrian poet C. P. Cavfy. During his stay in Alexandria, he struck an acquaintance with a teenaged tram conductor, Mohammed el-Adl, with whom he fell in deep love.Mohammed would die of tuberculosis in Alexandria in spring of 1922, and this loss weighed heavily on Forster for the rest of his life. Forster returned to England in 1919, after the war, but set off traveling again in 1921. On this trip to India he worked as the private secretary to the Maharajah of Dewas Senior, and his letters home from the two Indian trips were later published as The Hill of Devi (1953). In 1922 he published Alexandria: A History and a Guide, but could get it into circulation only in 1938.Pharos and Pharillon, which is a collection of Forster's essays on Alexandria together with some translations of Cavafy's poems, was published in 1923. All through this time, Forster had been reworking on A Passage to India, which was published i n 1924, almost a decade and a half after his previous novel Howard's End. It is a novel about the clash between Eastern and Western cultures during British rule in India, and is generally considered among major literary works of the twentieth century. It is the story of Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore's journey to India to visit Adela's fiance, and Mrs Moore's son, Ronny Heaslop.There they meet a college teacher, Cyril Fielding, who is an avatar of Forster himself, the Hindu Brahmin Dr Godbole and the Muslim Dr Aziz. The novel revolves around Dr Aziz's alleged assault Adela. Ms. Quested reports of an attempted assault by the Dr. Aziz and subsequently retracts her complaint. Once again, misunderstanding features prominently in Forster’s narrative. A Passage to India was widely acclaimed. For example, a critic at New York Times wrote: â€Å"The crystal-clear portraiture, the delicate conveying of nuances of thought and life, and the astonishing command of his medium show Mr.Forst er at the height of his powers† (Forster, 1989 : front flap). But mysteriously, at the height of his powers, Forster would choose to renounce novel writing. Some have speculated this could be because he felt he could not write openly and honestly about homosexual relations which he longed to write about. In 1927 he gave the Clark lectures at Cambridge University, which were published as Aspects of the Novel the same year. He was also offered a fellowship at King's College, Cambridge. In 1928, his second collection of short stories, The Eternal Moment, was published. It is a collection of six stories predominated by fantasy and romance.In the immediately following years there was the publication of The Hill of Devi and two short-story volumes, under the generic name Collected Short Stories. The last published work of his life was Marianne Thornton, the biography of his great-aunt whose gift allowed him to go to Cambridge. In 1969 Forster was awarded the Order of Merit. He died shortly thereafter. â€Å"E. M. Forster has never lacked for readers, is widely studied, has had his novels turned into highly marketable films, and has encouraged criticism usually of a strongly liberal-humanist kind,† notes Tambling (1995) in his introduction to a book of critical essays on E.M. Forster. Forster explored the shortcomings of the English middle class and their emotional deficiencies, employing irony and wit. Today he is remembered for the impeccable style of writing that is evident in all of his novels and short stories. References: Childs, P. (2002). A Routledge Literary Sourcebook on E. M. Forster's A Passage to India† (Routledge Literary Sourcebooks). London : Routledge. Forster, E. M. (1989). â€Å"A Passage to India. † Orlando, FL : Harcourt Brace Tambling, J. (1995). â€Å"E. M. Forster: Contemporary Critical Essays† (New Casebooks). . New York : St. Martin's Press.

Personal Reflections Essay

The concept of self in the social world has been the subject of psychology studies for decades. Self-concept is defined as â€Å"a person’s answers to the question, â€Å"Who am I?† (Myers, 2010). Several factors, both internal and external, create each individual’s sense of self. Self-concept, self-esteem, self-knowledge, and social self all help create the sense of self. Self-schemas are an important component of one’s self-concept. A schema is simply defined as â€Å"mental templates by which we organize our worlds† (Myers, 2010). Self-schemas are the beliefs one holds, which define who we are. Self-concept The development of our self-concept has numerous influences, which include roles played, social identities formed, comparisons made, personal success and failure, judgments, and cultural surroundings (Myers, 2010). Roleplaying can include what we are in our professional life, as children in school, and into adulthood. The roles we assume may not feel like second-nature in the beginning, however, as we evolve within our roles, we become a more self-confident role player. Social comparison shapes an individual’s self-concept through academics, finances, and looks. The impact the comparison has is dependent who we are comparing ourselves to. Personal success and failure occur on a daily basis at work, school, and home. Judgments made by our peers strongly influence our own perception of self. Positive feedback will result in a positive view of one’s self, as a negative feedback will result in a negative self-concept. Our cultural surroundings impact our self-concept also. Westernized cultures tend to be more self-absorbed than an Eastern culture. â€Å"In many Western cultures, there is a faith in the inherent separateness of distinct persons† (O’Malley, 2002). Individualism and collectivism are two concepts describing how  individuals view their importance within their culture. Individualism is mainly seen in a Western culture, where an individual places personal goals and gains over a group’s goals and gains. Collectivism considers a group’s goal as a priority over an individual’s goal. â€Å"Most cultures native to Asia, Africa, and Central and South America place greater value on collectivism† (Myers, 2010). The interdependent self is defined as the â€Å"view of the self and the relationship between the self and others† (O’Malley, 2002) within a group. Self-esteem Self-esteem is â€Å"a person’s overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth† (Myers, 2010). People have both low self-esteem and high self-esteem, depending on the variance of difficulties in their life. Poverty, drugs, and abuse can all be considered a factor in a person’s low self-esteem. High self-esteem can also be portrayed a negative trait, especially when the individual is viewed as narcissistic. Narcissism is defined as â€Å"having an inflated sense of self† (Myers, 2010). Self-efficacy Self-efficacy is defined as â€Å"the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations† (Cherry, What is Self-Efficacy?, 2014). Self-efficacy is not the same as self-esteem, which is how valuable an individual perceives themselves to be. An individual’s self-efficacy is the belief they are capable of accomplishing a task, even when the task is challenging. Studies of the Self Various studies of the self in psychology have offered an insight into what is believed to be the center of self-concept. Carl Rogers believed self-image, self-esteem, and ideal self are the three components of self-concept. Self-image is â€Å"how you see yourself† (Cherry, What is Self-concept?, 2014). A person’s self-image can include positive and negative aspects, which may or may not be realistically true. Self-esteem is the how valuable a person believes they are. Comparison between a person’s own successes and another’s can impact their self-esteem in a negative or positive manner. Ideal self is how a person would like to see their self. Ideal self is not necessarily how an individual actually perceives their  self, rather the idealistic version that person dreams of being. Who I am Amanda’s Self-concept By asking myself â€Å"who am I†, I am able to define my self-concept. I am a mother and I love my children. I am a full-time employee at ESCO Corporation. I am a college student at the University of Phoenix, studying Environmental Science. I am not an easy person to get along with, and I tend to take criticism personally. Amanda’s Self-esteem I have low self-esteem. My low self-esteem has been an ongoing issue from childhood. I struggle with my weight, which was not a real issue until I was out of high school. I thought I was overweight as a teen, when in reality I was at a healthy weight. After I had my first daughter at the age of 18, depression slowly took over my carefree and happy personality. I began to eat more in an attempt to feel better about myself. I remember one incident as a Senior which really made an impact on my self-esteem. While changing classes, I waited at my locker for a classroom to finish letting students out. One of the disabled girls from that classroom kept looking at my mid-section. She finally asked me â€Å"are you pregnant or something†. I was not pregnant anymore, and had given birth two months before. Hearing another person say I looked like I was pregnant still brought my feeling of self-worth to the lowest point at that time. Amanda’s Self-efficacy My self-efficacy can be compared to a roller coaster. I do challenge myself to excel at work and school. I believe I can accomplish anything I put my mind to. Over the past decade, I have improved my self-efficacy, with a tremendous improvement over the last five years. The individuals I have chosen to surround myself with, as opposed to in the past, have helped me accomplish my dreams. My fiancà © encouraged me to stand up for myself, especially with my parents. My parents had been involved in raising my children to the point I was not able to make a decision without calling for their opinion first. The feeling of dread would overcome me due to the fact I knew my parents would not approve of my decisions if I did not talk to them first. I finally realized I was holding myself back, and I could make important family decisions without their approval. I signed up for the  University of Phoenix for the reasons I believed were important. I did tell my parents I was going back to school after I had signed up, and I saw the disappointment they felt over not being able to control me with the decision. My fiancà © has been encouraging throughout my studies, and continues to give me the push I need to finish my last five classes. References Cherry, K. (2014). What is Self-concept? Retrieved January 20, 2014, from About Psychology: http://psychology.about.com/od/sindex/f/self-concept.htm Cherry, K. (2014). What is Self-Efficacy? Retrieved January 21, 2014, from About Psychology: http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/self_efficacy.htm Myers, D. G. (2010). Social Psychology (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. O’Malley, M. (2002). Hazel Rose Marcus and Shinobu Kitayama, Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Retrieved January 21, 2014, from Honors 130: Conceptions of the Self: http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/honors130/culture.html

Ideology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ideology - Coursework Example .†( Eatwell and Wright, 17). In simple words, political ideology consists of certain notions or ideas about how the socio-political regime should function to create a certain type of social order, and concerns itself as to how the political power should be allocated and to be used to what ends. Personally my political ideology would tend be more of the conservative type. I have always believed that my country comes first, and one should consistently be ready to fight for his country, without looking at the ethical or moral side of the issue. As per my beliefs, a good, stable economic condition of a country comes from individual efforts of its citizens and a free trading order. I strongly believe that in US, especially in today’s context, the immigrants have become a huge burden, with them taking away a large share of the job market, which should in natural course have gone to the Americans. Though not overtly religious, I believe in more conservative social values, and d o not particularly endorse the concept of same sex marriage. Environmental protection certainly does not top the list of my priorities, as I feel that US has already done more than enough in this regard, and any further effort would mean job cuts and economic losses. I find private spending is more efficient than the government pattern of expenditure which is far more extravagant and inefficacious. So all these personal political ideologies put me into the bracket of what in US is known as the Conservative Republican. In regards to the government’s involvement in our lives, for better or for worse, I certainly feel that we could do without too much of interference from the government in our daily lives. Less of government certainly spells better for us. Strict trading regulations by the government tend to create problems of stagnation and a closed economy, which results in widespread poverty and destitute conditions.

Urban Politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Urban Politics - Research Paper Example Poverty in the United States is seen to vary to a great degree depending on a number of factors; some of these factors include an individual’s education level, age, family living arrangements, area of residence and labor force attachment. Poverty is noted to generally be more highly concentrated in some areas as compared to others. This aspect is clearly demonstrated by the fact that poverty levels are found to be considerably higher in the center of cities as compared to a city’s suburban areas. In addition to this, poverty rates are also found to be about three times as high in the poorest states as compared to the least poor states. Of note is that it is normal for some neighborhoods to be characterized as having a higher concentration of poverty as compared to others. According to Gabe (2015), the incidence of poverty in central city areas is generally found to be considerably higher at 19.1% than that in suburban areas 11.1% within metropolitan areas. As at 2013, nonmetropolitan areas were recorded as having poverty rates averaging about 16.1%. A typical pattern in poverty rates in metropolitan areas is for the poverty rates to generally be highest in the center city areas. These high rates of poverty then proceed to gradually drop off as one moves towards the suburban areas before experiencing a subsequent increase with increasing distance from the core of the metropolitan area. Ever since President Lyndon Johnson first moved to declare a War on Poverty in the United States and the subsequent passage of the 1964 Economic Opportunity Act, the optimism that first surrounded these measures is noted to have rapidly faded over the years. Both the Federal and the State governments have over the years designed and implemented a number of policies designed to help to reducing poverty rates but these have been met with moderate success. The rather unwelcome corollary that has resulted from rural-urban

Information sources and services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Information sources and services - Assignment Example In this context, it can be affirmed that libraries are the centre of academic activities, as they serve educational organisations along with the students, teachers and administrators with miscellaneous information necessities (Bhatia & Vohra, 2007). It is in this context that the characteristics of information have transformed significantly in recent times. Most striking characteristics of today’s knowledge-oriented generation are the propagation of huge quantity of data, especially in the digital format. Thus, the major challenges for libraries in 21st century are to search, address and use information effectively in order to satisfy the varied groups of people. Based on this perspective, the discussion will intend to develop strategies and options for a large vocational education library which serves almost 30,000 students. With the changes in the requirement of information, the library services are facing significant pressure in terms of the number of services with the reduction in the traditional information counter tasks in library. Considering this aspect, the discussion intends to reform the information service of library which can reflect the requirements of large and varied user groups comprising young and mature students belonging to various cultural and economic backgrounds, professional interns and trainees along with immigrants, tutors and community workers. Reference and Information Services Reference and information services denote individual support delivered to the people in order to satisfy their information requirements. It is based on high level of communication between guiding members and individuals. Providing such custom-made support can be thus regarded as a major objective of library occupation in the modern day phenomenon. In the 21st century, the constant growth of accessibility for digital databases has altered the characteristics of reference services in library. Undeniably, the upsurge of internet and increasing number of contributions for accessing online information and free online materials has also made the improvement of library services more critical (Australian Library and Information Association, 2011). Today, librarians are generally confronted with broad ranges of information alternatives which must be assessed for genuineness and accurateness. It is in this regard that new technologies act as streams leading t o vast torrent of knowledge for people. Thus, providing users with personalised facilities in sensible way can ensure excellence in library information and reference services (Bopp & Smith, 2011). Models of Reference Services In the current day scenario, the digital age has changed the tasks of reference librarians by a certain extent. Although the central task remains the same, i.e. to provide professional support in addressing beneficial information to the users, the new world of accessible electronic databases has developed new ways to manage information in modern day libraries (Lamolinara & Grunke, 1998). The delivery modes of services have also changed in recent days. Where traditionally, users were required to attain services through face to face interactions; in virtual model, the key modes has transformed to electronic modes such as e-mails and chats among other means of communication. Furthermore, traditionally, reference work included arranging and publishing academic info rmation which were principally assimilated from commercial salespersons. However, in the current day phenomenon, the reference tasks have grown to select, store, manage and organize information in a standard format. Therefore, it can be affirmed that the roles of librarians have moved from custodial role to more communication role (Breitbach & DeMars,

Economic Slump Outcome Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic Slump Outcome - Article Example The withdrawal of major clients and lack of suitable counseling made the employees to search for an alternative job. Attrition is inevitable because there is insecurity of job in the minds of most of the employees and the shattered company image adds more fervor to quit.Satyam employees are absorbed by companies who have acquired the lost projects of Satyam and there is scope of survival for them. If this attrition scenario continues, then Satyam cannot go on the revival phase and sustain its existence in the software industry. In Marketing, it is a mandatory process to focus on the ROI (Return on Investment) especially during the economic crisis phase. The above citation identifies solutions to sustain the credibility of the marketing process. The split focus on increasing revenue and improving accountability and optimizing the cost. Focus on online marketing is a success as most of the people prefer to shop at the doorstep. Creative production management focuses on improving the existing technique or process to a higher degree of efficiency involving less time and cost. Automation of selected equipments contributed largely to creative production management. ... Creative production management focuses on improving the existing technique or process to a higher degree of efficiency involving less time and cost. Automation of selected equipments contributed largely to creative production management. Saving the accessories, raw materials cost is an important aspect of marketing fulfillment. Elimination of marketing wastes also paves way for effective storage solutions. Finally the entire revival process during recession depends on one critical factor which is financial management. Financial Budgets for marketing should be decided with a proactive approach focusing on the balance between allocation of funds and the return on investment. Useful alert and monitoring techniques can value add to financial management. Citation 4 Weblink: www.hindu.com/2009/02/02/stories/2009020255121400.htm - 21k Review of Citation 4 Economic Slump affected the political stability as the government is unable to grant fresh tax concessions or allocate additional source of funds to the needy. There is a lot of brainstorming done on the additional expenditure impacting the growth of economy .Banks and financial companies were in a shaken state as they are unable to slash the loan interest rates and financial crunches and trends enlighten that the crisis will continue till end of September. Appropriate decisions can be taken only after minimizing the economic crisis. Citation 5 Weblink: http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/26/stories/2009012650691400.htm Review of Citation 5 Economic slump contributed to higher degree of financial crisis and it is a shocking fact that leading banks confessed on their financial losses and instability to function as a standalone embodiment. The root cause is the lending policy

Case study Neo Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Neo Pets - Case Study Example How do you think Neopets can prevent its concept from becoming a fad? Most of the children’s products will last only for a short period in the particular market, thereafter they will be out of the market or in other words, they will become the fad. That is it will be a temporary trend to use a particular product. There are some children’s products like Ninja turtles and Hula Hoops which did not run for a long period. In this era, there is an increase in the number of people who are interested in playing games, particular males in the age group of around 20. So the company should consider the adults also while designing the games so that it can be there in the market for a long period. Though Neopets was started as an online gaming solution, later it started its offline operation also. (Chapter 16, Marketing globally). The company is having a business strategy, which can be changed as and when required and ensures that its products are not becoming the fad. And also the customers or the users should not get bored with the product. If so the product will soon become the fad. â€Å"A lot of goods do not become the fad because they maintain their usefulness for longer periods of time, and people tend not to become bored with them.† (Bergman, (n.d). It is a commonly known business fact that, the mouth-to-mouth advertisement by the satisfied customers is the best and inexpensive advertisement. Even then, the organization can test other methods of advertising. Advertising on the internet will have more response. The internet usage among the adults has increased, so the company can give advertisement about their products on the internet rather than in television. The company can also place advertisements in front of the primary and secondary schools. That will attract the students to Neopets. And also, it can conduct marketing campaigns exclusively targeting the children.  

United States Department of Labors Website Case Study

United States Department of Labors Website - Case Study Example It also keeps the country updated about the opportunities that you can gain in the working field. This website focus on issues like health plans for employees defines the minimum wage rates and overtime pay standard, hiring issues, current opportunities for the labor force, safety at the workplace, unemployment plans, etc. Â  All the above-mentioned features, which this website encircles, are important from the point of view of employee benefits. The minimum wage rates as stated here gives an insight to the employees that whether they are being paid fairly, or not. This minimum wage rate is of great significance to the employer too, as it helps them to retain employees. The study showed that long-term unemployment and low labor productivity are associated with low labor wages.(Mark D Partridgea, 2000). So it is better for the employer to give their employees the benefits that they deserve. Â  The unemployment plans that are mentioned on the website can be used effectively by the people who are unemployed. The unemployment plans imply only to those people in the workforce, who unemployed through no mistake of their own. There are various other eligibilities for this plan too. Â  There are various health plans given on this website which explain to the employees about their health service rights. These rights can be an inexpensive mean for the employees to remain healthy. The study shows that not just deprived health but continuous decline in health can be a major reason for retirement. (John Bounda, 1999). So it is better for the people in the workforce to avail such health facilities given by the government than to lead an unhealthy life, which can be a great loss to the employee as well as the economy. Â  This website has a separate section for the employer. In this section sufficient amount of information is stated, which can guide them about all the duties that they have as an employer.

Book Report about Too Much of a Good Thing by Dan Kindlon Essay

Book Report about Too Much of a Good Thing by Dan Kindlon - Essay Example In the name of protecting their children, parents actually drag them away from facing challenges and fighting against failures. This really shatters their growth and strength and finally they loose their mental stability at times of depression. He says that many of them blame their parents for being too protective, and just because of this they loose all the chances of meeting new and varied challenges. In this way, the book also examines children’s attitude towards their parents. "What we want for our children is a perfect life devoid of hardship and pain," Kindlon states. "But their happiness as adults is largely dependent on the tools we give them, tools that will allow them to develop emotional maturity-to be honest with themselves, to be empathetic, to take initiative, to delay gratification, to learn from failure and move on, to accept their flaws, and to face the consequences when theyve done something wrong." The book stresses on the point that parents should spend much of their time with children discussing about their actions, desires and so on. They should talk to them freely and must always create a friendly atmosphere. The book also teaches how parents can reach out to their children, teach them engagement in rewarding activity, and promote emotional maturity and a sense of self-worth. The book, in my opinion is really a wonderful expression of the relationship between parent and child. The main focus of the author is on the parents, who according to him are too indulgent towards their children. Being protective and indulgent is not wrong but, when it is goes out of control, the children are really affected. Children do not have the opportunity of facing the problems by themselves. And as the children grow, they become more dependent towards their parents and develop less courage to face the world. Parents should leave their children to sort out things by themselves, so that they will be able to get more knowledge out

Business Law - Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Law - - Case Study Example An "offer" in the context of contract law has been described as "an expression of willingness to contract on certain terms, made with the intention that it shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed, the "offeree.3" The "expression4" may take different forms and Hard Water's original quotation will satisfy this requirement. The intention element is an objective consideration and the case of Smith v Hughes 5emphasised the relevant consideration as being a focus on how a reasonable person would view the situation. Furthermore, the law distinguishes between an offer and an invitation to treat, which is not an offer but an indication of willingness to negotiate a contract6. For example, in the case of Gibson v Manchester City Council7, the words "may be prepared to sell" constituted an invitation to treat and not a distinct offer. Furthermore, valid acceptance in law follows a valid offer and the formation of a contract follows immediately. Moreover, a valid acceptance is a final and unqualified acceptance of an offer as demonstrated in the case of Peter Lind Limited v Mersey Docks & Harbour Boar,8 highlighting the "mirror image" rule, where acceptance must be unequivocal and unconditional, therefore acceptance must "mirror" the offer. With regard to the current scenario, the issue in c... With regard to the current scenario, the issue in contention is whose terms are applicable to the contract. Contractual negotiations particularly in the context of quotations and bids for, will often involve several exchanges between the commercial parties involving offers and counter offers9. The case of Hyde v Wrench10 established that a counter offer brings an end to the original offer. However, the "battle of the form" creates real problems in practice11. The difficulty with this as evidenced with the current situation is determining the exact terms of the eventual contract. Indeed "Chitty on Contracts" underlines this problem and concludes: "Thus it is possible by careful draftsmanship to avoid losing the battle of the forms, but not''.. to win it. The most that the draftsman can be certain of achieving is the stalemate situation where there is no contract at all12." Despite the possibility of conflict in the current situation as to the exact terms of the contract, there is clearly a contract between Doors Software and Hard Water by virtue of course of conduct13. However, to clarify the issue of whose terms are applicable, the courts have adopted the "last shot principle", which was established in the case of Butler Machine Tool Co -v- Ex Cell-O-Corp14 . According to this principle, the presumption is that the last offer which has been accepted without qualification will be determined as covering the conditions of the contract. In the current scenario, Hard Water returned and acknowledgment slip incorporating the terms and conditions of Doors Software Limited and on a strict interpretation of the "last shot" principle, this would suggest that the contract was concluded on Doors Software's terms

The relationship between censorship and student publications Essay Example for Free

The relationship between censorship and student publications Essay Pushing the limits of free speech and then killing it is not an uncommon theme for todays student press. Civil disobedience and censorship of student publications has been a hot-button issue since the 1960s and remains a crucial, yet under-examined area of free speech. In an assumed tolerant democracy which flaunts philosophical ideals like a free market of ideas, censorship laws have undermined the essential function of student newspapers as an outlet for challenging, insightful and investigative journalism. The following essay seeks to examine the relationship between censorship and student publications by specifically drawing on the Rabelais case. Accordingly, this essay further attempts to explore the legal and philosophical reasoning behind censoring student newspapers. In 1998, the Full Court of the Federal Court handed down its first decision which directly involved the right to political communication of a student publication1. The court held that an article advocating theft published in the La Trobe University student publication, Rabelais, instructed in matters of crime and was not protected by the implied constitutional freedom of speech.2 The appellants four editors of the publication argued that the article addressed issues of wealth distribution in a capitalist society and constituted political communication.3 Prior to Rabelais, Australian courts have never squarely confronted political communication in relation to the National Classification Code.4 Whilst the Federal Courts decision to uphold the findings of the Classification Review Board generated another proponent of control on the boundaries of political communication, it simultaneously limited the journalistic scope of student publications in challenging the moral and political patterns of society. The implications of Rabelais have since posed an explicit threat to the autonomy of student publications by which student journalists are left confined within the legally permissible censorship system.5 A common principle validating restrictions on free speech is balancing. In the case of Rabelais and similar articles in nature published in other student publications, striking a reasonable balance between political material and Australias censorship laws fosters the argument that the protection of political communication is not absolute. Judicially-considered concepts underpinning political communication6 is often subject to the maintenance and protection of the system of representative government.7 By strict adherence to this generalization, virtually all political dissent and civil disobedience is then liable to interfere with the maintenance and protection of the government system. Heerey J8 provided further insight, claiming this relationship to accommodate an imbalance in which the protection of representative democracy overrides the protection of dissent9 by student publications: It should be noted that Anarchist theory extended from non-violent writers and political leaders like Tolstoy, Thoreau and Ghandi to Proudhon (property is theft) the Anarcho-Syndicalists whose creed was that unions should become militant organizations dedicated to the destruction of capitalism and the state. All this may be in one sense politics, but the Constitutional freedom of political communication assumes indeed exists to support, foster and protect representative democracy and the rule of law. The advocacy of law breaking falls outside this protection and is antithetical to it. 10 However, the argument brought forward by his Honour is severely flawed. The knowledge needed to draw political comparisons from the works of Tolstoy, Thoreau and Ghandi lies in the mere fact that the writings of these revolutionaries were not refused classification, but available to the public for debate and reflection. In this instance, measuring competing interests on the basis of political ideologies in power would easily translate into banning all commonly dissenting student publications.11 The classic role of student publications in discussing socio-political affairs beyond the bounds of moral and legal civility is one which indeed supports, fosters and protects the system of representative democracy. This lends itself to another critical failure in determining classification of student publications. In refusing classification of Rabelais, the Review Board directly addressed the legal aspect of inciting crime, compromising the publications implied rights to political communication.12 It did so by appraising the article in isolation from other writings of political nature, published in the same edition.13 Setting aside possible constitutional questions, the approach in reviewing student publications does not distinguish between student and mainstream media. If a student press is to function as the dutiful outlet of alternative and challenging thought in society, then such definition should allow for exceptional free speech privileges. To give further reference to the limited interpretation of the role of student publications in Australia, there is a high probability that the article in question would have been permissible to publish in other countries, particularly the United States. Not only does the existence of a U.S. Bill of Rights expressly protect the rights of individuals to free speech, but an implicit rule applied by U.S. courts entitles student journalists to the highest level of First Amendment protection to sustain the traditional libertarian function of student publications. 14 The rule that student publications enjoy freestanding exemptions of restrictions underlying the First Amendment emanates from legislation based in the state of California, which expressly duplicates First Amendment rights to college and university students. 15 One can hardly ignore the advantageous effects of a similar law being implemented in Australia. Like the United States, it is widely maintained that student publications in Australia should remain wide-open free speech zones, where every form of speech is permitted and censorship controls are turned off.16 However, the recent introduction of the Voluntary Student Unionism bill17 before parliament has additionally threatened the agenda of student publications. Although the bill, which traces back to 197418, sets out to render universal student unionism voluntary, it could potentially be the first law that directly undermines students right to free speech by defunding Australias student press19. The Western Australian (WA) VSU model, which came into force in 1997, has cut funds directed to all student publications in the state, while other student advocacy bodies were lost completely.20 In conclusion, although Australia has a robust commitment to freedom of speech, on a practical level, this commitment is too often regulated by prevailing moral and legal protocols. As evidenced by the legal implications brought forward by the Rabelais case, there remains little conscious acknowledgement of the significant function of student media in challenging dominant viewpoints. Given the undoubted importance of the court in interpreting political communication, the process in determining such can only be rendered valid and objective if the historical and philosophical principles underpinning student media are taken into consideration. The burden here is not only on the narrowed definition of political communication, but the lack of an accountable and tolerant classification system. Similarly, the Rabelais case reawakens the time-worn argument of implementing an express free speech right in Australia. Given that student publications are dedicated to political dissent and civil disobedience, and thus vulnerable to legal ramifications, it would arguably seem fair to grant student media the privilege of special free speech rights, over and above all the general speech rights Australians enjoy. A law similar to that of the United States would allow society to recognize the doctrine of academic freedom and protect and maintain the free market of ideas in a representative democracy. As Parsons once said: The creative writer should enjoy a latitude greater than would be of proper to the journalist and newspaper published who deal with fact.21 1 Brown v Members of the Classification Review Board of the Office of Film and Literature Classification (1998) 154 ALR 67 (hereinafter Rabelais) 2 The article provided a step-by-step guide on how to shoplift. Pursuant to the Classification (Publication, Films and Computer Games) Act 1995, publications that describe, depict, express or otherwise deal with matters of crime will be refused classification 3 Note 1. The Federal Court upheld the decision of the Chief Censor to refuse classification (i.e. ban) of Rabelais. The charges were later dropped. 4 Clayton, M. (2005). Interview. [Interview with Christopher van Opstal, 24/05/2005]. See also Classification (Publication, Films and Computer Games Act) Act 1995 5 Boey, H. (2005). Interview. [Interview with Christopher van Opstal, 19/05/2005]. Duncan, J. (2005). Interview. [Interview with Christopher van Opstal, 19/05/2005]. Fomiatti, L. (2005). Interview. [Interview with Christopher van Opstal, 19/05/2005]. Belford, A. (2005). Interview. [Interview with Christopher van Opstal, 19/05/2005]. 6 For example, in Australian Capital Television v The Commonwealth (1992) 177 CLR 106, six members of the High Court acknowledged the implied freedom of communication in government and political matters. Other judicially-considered cases in Rabelais, include Theophanous v Herald Weekly Times (1994) 182 CLR 104; Lange v Australian Broadcasting Commission (1997) 189 CLR 520; Levy v The State of Victoria (1997) 189 CLR 579 7 Pearson, M. (2005). Interview. [Interview with Christopher van Opstal, 23/05/2005] 8 French J and Sunberg J were the two other judges in Rabelais 9 Heerey J refers here to dissent as writings which advocate breaking the law or anarchy 10 Note 1 (Heerey J). By contrast, the appellants council argued that advocating theft was an appropriate means of reallocation of resources of political dissent or as a central tenet of Anarchist theory. The same argument is brought forward by Des Clark, Chief Censor of Australia. Clark, D. (2005). Interview. [Interview with Christopher van Opstal, 26/05/2005] 11 Clark, D. (2005). Interview. [Interview with Christopher van Opstal 26/05/2005]. Clayton also points out that a publication which incites crime must be banned under regulations by the OFLC, even though the publication may be of political nature. Note 4. 12 Note 4. See also Clayton, M. 1998 Censorship, Free Speech and the Rabelais Case, Legal Date, Vol. 10, No 1.; Clayton, M. and Borgeest, T. 1998, Free Speech and Censorship after the Rabelais Case, Media and Arts Law Review, Vol. 3 at 194 13 Note 1. The Rabelais edition also discussed political issues of death penalty in the United States and pending execution of a former black activist, Mumia Abu Jamal 14 Goodman, M. (2005). Interview. [Interview with Christopher van Opstal, 23/05/2005] 15 Pursuant to s 76120 of the California Education Code, the governing board of a community college shall adopt rules and regulations relating to the exercise of free expression by students. See California Education Code Section 66301. 16 Boey, H. (2005) Interview. [Interview with Christopher van Opstal, 19/05/2005] 17 Higher Education Support Amendment (Abolition of Compulsory Up-front Student Union Fees) Bill 2005 18 Aldrich, F. (2005). Interview. [Interview with Christopher van Opstal, 27/05/2005] 19 Note 13. If impending VSU is passed by the Senate in July, it will be necessary to cut funds to the printing of student publications. This will result to the disappearance of most student publications. 20 Hastings, G. (2004) VSU Legislation Experiences in WA, Victoria, and Federally, NUS Research at 5 21 Pollak, M. 1990, Sense and Censorship, Reed Publishers, Sydney, at p. 284

Impact of the Third Way Police on the UK Economy

Impact of the Third Way Police on the UK Economy What Tony Blair left behind, after ten years in Downing Street Nr.10 When Tony Blair resigned as Prime Minister, after ten years in government, the term of his so called †Third Way Policy† was already out of common mind. But his successor, the former Chancellor of Exchequer Gordon Brown still has to deal with its consequences, which became obvious during the current financial crisis. In my essay I want to refer to the question; how Tony Blairs Third Way Policy has had an impact on Britains economy and why it can be seen as one of the major causes for the credit crunch in Great Britain. First, the modernization of the Labour Party to New Labour brought some advantages. Tony Blair distanced the Party from its traditional socialist ideas to a more liberal, economical orientated policy. Achievements of Blairs government were for instance the social charter of the European Union or the introduction of a minimum-wage law. Secondly, London became the world financial centre during Blairs time at Downing Street Nr. 10. This can be seen as one success, since he supported the idea of globalization and liberalized the economy and the constitutional reforms led to self-government for London. At this point one should also mention, the Bank of England got total independency from the government in 1997, which made London to one of the most attractive market places in the world. Offering good conditions to third sector businesses, the City of London brought Britain impressive years of an economic boom. Actually, London became more attractive for investors as New York, since the New Labour government removed all state regulations from the financial sector. In contrast, Britains Third Way Policy in the mid 1990s led to some major fails. To gain peoples trust Prime Minister Tony Blair and his Chancellor Gordon Brown promised to save money even stricter than the Conservative Party did before, but finally the New Labour government dropped Britain in incredibly high debts. The Third Way Policy was mainly about welfare reforms, like introducing a basic pension or child benefit. This seems to be rather good at the first view, but the welfare spending increased highly and the Blair administration had not real concept of how to finance it. For instance the reform for the National Health Service cost Britain a lot, but did not improve the NHS. Peter Carter, the general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing said: â€Å"I have never seen so much money come into the NHS. But in many areas I have never seen so much money wasted. It is a tragedy for the public, for the NHS, and for this government.†(â€Å"Blair: the NHS ‘is much better now (2007, 1 May), London Evening Standard. Retrieved November 19, 2009 from http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23394523-blair-the-nhs-is-much-better-now.do) So, obviously concentrated the government too much on the wealth of the public sector during the economic boom years and forgot to improve the economys efficiency, to gain a higher state income. The probably biggest mistake of the Third Way Policy was the liberalization of the financial market. The independency of the Bank of England was on one hand an important step to join the Euro, but the referendum for the Euro took never place, because Tony Blair feared to lose it. So one could say the independency of the Bank was part of an unfinished reform. The liberalization of the financial market is also one reason for Britains current trouble in the financial crisis, since in the last ten years the financial market got so confused for both, the banks and the government. This means, with removing the state regulations from the Bank of England the government was not able to step in the banks business anymore. Britains current high debts are a result of New Labours policy in the first decade of twenty first century, because Banks were able to give loans to almost everyone. The government had no attitude to private borrowings, quite the contrary the government allowed Banks to borrow money even to people with low income, since borrowers spent their money, which brought a well running economy. This policy caused a raise in private mortgages debts by almost 100 per cent in a rather short period of just six years, from 2000 to the end of 2005. But when house prices increased to unrealistic high prices, people stopped spending money on products and the economic growth stagnated, further the unemployment rate increased and credit users could not pay back their credits. However, the Blair government self did not act better, because the whole Third Way Policy was based on debts, as the state could not finance its reforms through tax incomes. Moreover, the finance policy of Chancellor Brown became hardly comprehensible and understandable, because he changed the economic cycle several times. To borrow more money he enlarged the economic cycle, so it was not obvious how huge the amount of Britains debts actually were. In 2008 the foreign debts of Great Britain reached 400 per cent of Britains GDP. Finally, Great Britain came into the financial crisis, shortly after Tony Blair resigned in 2007. Now the new Prime Minister Gordon Brown has to deal with the consequences of New Labours Third Way Policy, but as he was the Chancellor before, he is one of the main responsible for the British financial market policy, which led to the credit crunch. Currently, New Labours actions to come out of the crisis seem to be doubtful, in particular the bailout package, which was financed by new printed money. But, the government is also planning to put new regulations on the sub-prime sector to protect families in trouble from unfair charges and repossessions. Whether this regulation will be realised and by whom it will be realised is yet an open question. Fact is; to come out of the crisis and to avoid another one it is necessary to introduce new regulations in the financial market through the government. But in spite of it all, Britain will need many years to come out of its debts and the process wont be easy, because if the government increases taxes businesses will probably drive out of the country and economic growth decreases. As other European countries, lately, announced already an economic growth for the next year, it seems as if Britain is going to be â€Å"Europes sick man† for the next years. Sources: BLC-Y1- British American Studies Compendium Contemporary Britain 2nd Edition. John McCormick; Palgrave, 2007 OSullivan, John. Blairs Way. National Review 50, no. 13 (July 20, 1998): p.25-27. Academic Search Elite, EBSCOhost (accessed November 12, 2009). The true extent of Britains debt (2008, 10 December); The Spectator. Retrieved November 12, 2009, from www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/3078296/the-true-extent-of-britains-debt.thtml Bid to stop home loan sharks, by Kirsty Buchanan; Daily Express Weekend, November 15, 2009, p. 4 Labours  £115m boost for hard-up homebuyers ends up helping precisely no one; by Becky Barrow Business Correspondent; Daily Mail, November 17, 2009, p.12 Darling criticizes bank owners; Wall Street Journal Europe, November 13, 2009, p.1 Blair: the NHS ‘is much better now (2007, 1 May), London Evening Standard. Retrieved November 19, 2009 from http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23394523-blair-the-nhs-is-much-better-now.do

Father-Daughter Relationship in the Film, William Faulkner: A Life on Paper :: Movie Film Essays

Father-Daughter Relationship in the Film, William Faulkner: A Life on Paper While the relationship between fathers and sons has been documented at length, the father/ daughter dynamic figures less prominently in literary tropes; in fact the last canonical piece I can recall reading was Euripedes’ Electra in high school. The tenuous relationship between Daddy and his little girl, however, harbors depths more personal and tangible than Greek tragedy and psychological analyses invoking the Electra complex. The emotionally void or aloof father in particular often burdens the female psyche, for his absence proves just as palpable as his sought after presence, shaping the landscape of a daughter’s future relationships and the construction of a self-image fragmented and disjointed by an early and intimate knowledge of rejection and abandonment. Transcending characterizations attached primarily to filial duty as experienced by the matriarch, the father figure remains the subject of mythologization, just as Sylvia Plath turned her father into a Colossus , a cold, inanimate stone edifice revealing none of his secrets or affection. If the absent or emotionally unavailable father takes on shades of grandeur for the daughter that knew little of him, one can only imagine the impression left by the father figure whose imagined significance in the eyes of his child is only matched by the reality of his fame. William Faulkner, A Life on Paper conveys an image of the literary colossus that both perpetuates the persona of the great American writer and deflates it. Representing the author as a fallible man who endows the world with a narrative legacy while leaving his own daughter little more than a few candid glimpses into his character, the film relays the commentary of Faulkner’s daughter as she attempts to piece together a sketch of an apathetic, mercurial, and brilliant father. Jill Faulkner Summers pulls from her memory pictures of her father as â€Å"extremely courtly and elegant† but lacking a depth and sincerity in his personal relationships: â€Å"Pappy didn’t really care about people. I think he cared about me, but I also think I could have gotten in his way and he would have walked on me.† Faulkner’s coarse words penetrated more than the page as well. After imploring â€Å"pappy† not to succumb to another drinking bout, Faulkner informs his daughter, â€Å"no one remembers Shakespeare’s child†. The film, then, relates a father/ daughter dynamic built upon emotional lack, as the father expressly negates the significance of his own child.

The Importance of Names in Toni Morrison’s Song Of Solomon Essay

The Importance of Names in Toni Morrison’s Song Of Solomon Toni Morrison’s award-winning novel Song of Solomon is full of very interesting, deep symbolism. Macon Dead III, nicknamed â€Å"Milkman,† is a very symbolic character throughout the novel. His character is not only symbolic, for so is his name. Also, Milkman’s paternal aunt, Pilate, has an extremely significant and symbolic role in the novel. To her father, she represents the child who killed her own mother and took away her father’s wife. Seeing that Pontius Pilate sentenced Jesus to death, the name Pilate seems to coincide with her father, Macon Dead’s, opinion. Ironically, though, Pilate is a good person and is murdered in the end, just as Jesus was by Pontius Pilate. Another important character in the novel who portrays a great deal of symbolism is Guitar, Milkman’s best friend. Guitar is named after something that he is ultimately unable to attain. â€Å"I saw it when my mother took me downtown with her. I was just a baby†¦I crie d for it, they said. And always asked about it.† This unreachable goal accurately describes his character throughout the novel. He is never able to overcome the obstacles that stand in his way or to reach the goals he has set for himself. Toni Morrison intelligently uses the characters Milkman, Pilate, and Guitar to successfully portray a great deal of symbolism throughout her novel. â€Å"A milkman. That’s what you got here, Miss Rufie.† Milkman is given his name for a very logical reason: hi...

Moral Implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome Essay -- Domestic Vi

Moral Implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome The Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle Theory of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the person victimized by domestic violence. However, it may also contribute to the violence of the battering situation. In this paper, I explore some of the implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome for domestic violence cases wherein an abused woman kills her abuser. I begin by delineating some of the circumstances of a domestic violence situation. I then discuss the particular moral issue of subjectivity or moral personhood involved in instances wherein a woman victimized by domestic violence responds by killing her batterer. Finally, I argue that the Battered Woman Syndrome and similar alternatives to or qualifications of self-defense are problematic because they strip a woman of her moral subjectivity. I conclude with a brief articulation of a proposal for reform of the criminal justice system specifically aimed at cases wherein there has been a long history of abuse or violence . This reform is unique because it does not rely on a separate standard of reasonableness particular to battered women, but arises out of consideration of the moral implications of legal proceedings involving domestic violence. Introduction The case of battered women who kill raises some interesting questions regarding the criminal justice system's ability to respond to domestic violence. The Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle Theory of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the battered woman, why she does not just leave the relationship, and why some domestic violence relationships end in the death of the batterer. However, it may also contribute to the violence of domestic viol... ...77), pp. 113-118. (10) See Charles Ewing, esp. Chapter 4. (11) Walker, p. 143. (12) See Cynthia Gillespie, Justifiable Homicide (Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1989). (13) This applies to cases where immediate threat of danger is not present. For instance, if a woman kills her batterer while he is asleep then there is said to be no immediate threat of lethal harm. If, however, the batterer is killed in the battering incident, then immediate threat of lethal harm is present and the standard understanding of self-defense should apply. However, there are numerous cases of the latter and the woman was nonetheless found guilty of some form of murder or manslaughter. See Ewing, Chapter 4. (14) Ewing, p. 79. (15) Ann Jones, "A Little Knowledge" in Take Back the Night edited by Laura Lederer (New York: William Morrow and Co., 1980), p. 182-183. Moral Implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome Essay -- Domestic Vi Moral Implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome The Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle Theory of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the person victimized by domestic violence. However, it may also contribute to the violence of the battering situation. In this paper, I explore some of the implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome for domestic violence cases wherein an abused woman kills her abuser. I begin by delineating some of the circumstances of a domestic violence situation. I then discuss the particular moral issue of subjectivity or moral personhood involved in instances wherein a woman victimized by domestic violence responds by killing her batterer. Finally, I argue that the Battered Woman Syndrome and similar alternatives to or qualifications of self-defense are problematic because they strip a woman of her moral subjectivity. I conclude with a brief articulation of a proposal for reform of the criminal justice system specifically aimed at cases wherein there has been a long history of abuse or violence . This reform is unique because it does not rely on a separate standard of reasonableness particular to battered women, but arises out of consideration of the moral implications of legal proceedings involving domestic violence. Introduction The case of battered women who kill raises some interesting questions regarding the criminal justice system's ability to respond to domestic violence. The Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle Theory of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the battered woman, why she does not just leave the relationship, and why some domestic violence relationships end in the death of the batterer. However, it may also contribute to the violence of domestic viol... ...77), pp. 113-118. (10) See Charles Ewing, esp. Chapter 4. (11) Walker, p. 143. (12) See Cynthia Gillespie, Justifiable Homicide (Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1989). (13) This applies to cases where immediate threat of danger is not present. For instance, if a woman kills her batterer while he is asleep then there is said to be no immediate threat of lethal harm. If, however, the batterer is killed in the battering incident, then immediate threat of lethal harm is present and the standard understanding of self-defense should apply. However, there are numerous cases of the latter and the woman was nonetheless found guilty of some form of murder or manslaughter. See Ewing, Chapter 4. (14) Ewing, p. 79. (15) Ann Jones, "A Little Knowledge" in Take Back the Night edited by Laura Lederer (New York: William Morrow and Co., 1980), p. 182-183.

Racism on Long Island

Andrea Colletti 2/2/13 Dr. Cecelia Steger Eng W 001 MA1 Quite often, incoming freshmen do not realize that doing well in college requires much more work than they thought. I, Andrea Colletti, feel that I bring excellent skills that will help me succeed at Nassau Community College. I have over ten years work experience at my current company, Travel Impressions. Over the past ten years I have gained great customer service skills, geography product knowledge, hotel operations, marketing, and sales expertise. As a mature 29 year old full time employee, I will most definitely take college seriously.If you ask anyone who knows me, they will say that I am one of the most honest and dedicated person they know. I have longed to attend college for such a long time, but I kept pushing it to the side due to my busy work schedule. I am at the point in my life where I feel that I am ready to attend college, and ready to attain my goals. Although I am very lucky to have found my career, there will always be promotional opportunities in which I will need a degree. My company had an excellent job posting that I was very interested in, and I was well qualified for.Unfortunately the posting required a Bachelors degree which stopped me from applying. I know that by getting my degree, I will succeed and grow further in my career as an Iberostar Accoun Manager. In my current position, I handle the sales, product and marketing for Iberostar Hotels & Resorts which are located throughout Mexico, Caribbean, and Brazil. I am so proud of myself for attending college and succeeding my goals. I look forward to a bright future with all of my knowledge that I will gain at Nassau Community College. When I attended high school at Kellenberg Memorial, I did not take it seriously.My high school was very strict and did not give students the opportunity to act as individuals. I was so upset that I had to wear a hideous uniform while my friends that attended public school got to wear beautiful trend y clothing. I was not sure what I wanted to do when I grew up, and had no life goals. I am sure this is how most high school graduates feel at some point. During the eleven years at my company, I matured and gained a new respect for learning new things. I love to keep my mind stimulated and travel the world. I live by the motto â€Å"Travel is life’s most rich gift. I enjoy traveling all over the Caribbean and Mexico, and thanks to my job I have had the opportunity to see many beautiful places. I enjoy learning about other cultures. I look forward to coming to class each day because I leave with gained knowledge. There is nothing more rich then the gift of knowledge. My future goal is to graduate Nassau Community with my Associates Degree in Business Marketing, and complete my Bachelors Degree in Business at Farmingdale State University. I’ve learned that you can reach any goal in life as long as you stick to it and do not give up.

Care of a Dying Patient

My own perceptions about spirit of life and health pro transaction efficacy refer my give care for a expiry unhurried with a lingering unsoundness such as green goddesscer because the patient and I whitethorn have a different definition or sentinel on what fibre of life have in minds. To me this would mean making the best of what little m the patient has left to live. Most all important(predicate)ly is to keep the patient comfy which may include positioning the patient in contend, giving a gentle abrase and administering in rump medications if necessary. It is withal very important to provide the patient and the family with emotional support.It viewms as Mrs. doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomass children are moderately distant at her clock beat of lack because they are upset about her hold back and probably in denial because they hunch over what her outcome leave al 1 be. It would play a very crucial part in improving the quality of life for Mrs. Thomas if her children and their families would come to visit her in psyche. I know that this will be rocky for the children to see their mother suffering just now her family should play an important role in emotional support. I think a visit from her children and their families would really uplift her spirits.Mrs. Thomas does not wish cultivate few(prenominal) anguish medication because she does not want to become hook to it but it should be explained to Mrs. Thomas that since she is truly in pain she will not become addicted to it. By Mrs. Thomas taking the pain medication it would not only back up control her pain but it would in like manner make Mr. Thomas feel more(prenominal) at ease knowing that she is comfort fitted and not suffering. Mr. Thomas is depressed because of Mrs. Thomass condition and he is not managing it very well and this is making Mrs. Thomas very sad.I think that getting a behavioral health specialist gnarled and providi ng the family with counseling with besides improve the quality of life for Mrs. Thomas. I think that it would repose Mrs. Thomass mind at ease knowing that Mr. Thomas is dealing with his depressive disorder professionally. Talking about their feelings to a professional with besides abet some(prenominal) of them better understand and cope with Mrs. Thomass condition. agree to Ameri mickle holistic Nurses Association (AHNA), holistic nursing is an all nursing practice that has healing the self-colored person as its goal. A holistic value will not precisely attempt to treat the physical symptoms of a disease or condition, but will consider the totality of the person creation treated mental, emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, relational, contextual and environmental aspects. Treating Mrs. Thomas holistically may not only help Mrs. Thomas but Mr. Thomas as well. As the connection health nurse I would allow for Mr. Thomas to give ear with Mrs. Thomass care when he is abl e to. At an institution where I once scarpered at offered healing touch. During this condemnation of healing touch the room would be made rather dark for equanimity and comfort and soft calming symphony would be played. This is what I would recommend showtime with under my holistic care with Mrs. Thomas and Mr. Thomas may be pass as well. During this time a accrue massage may also be preformed to hang with comforting Mrs. Thomas and hopefully look with managing her pain. A way to assist Mrs. Thomas to optimize her functional cleverness would be to use range of motion (ROM) on her, which is when the nurse would mildly physical exertion her joints to minimize stiffness and Mr.Thomas may be taught how do range of motion as well. If Mrs. Thomas is not strong bountiful to walk to the bathroom I can assist in getting a bedside commode delivered to her home. I can also teach her how to manoeuvre herself safely to the commode if she is strong enough or if she is ineffectual to t ransfer herself I can also teach Mr. Thomas how to safely transfer herself and I could assist as well. As the community health nurse I could assist Mrs. Thomas with eitherday care such as feeding, bathing and ski binding herself. I would allow Mrs.Thomas to do as much as she can for herself. During the bed bath is a great time to maintain lotion to her back and extremities and apply a gentle massage for comfort. I could also assist Mrs. Thomas with good turn and positioning her in bed every 2 hours for comfort and to prevent bark breakdown. Mr. Thomas and I could assist her to unadulterated feeding, bathing and dressing herself if she is unable to. Allowing her to act as much tasks as she is able to will optimize her functional ability. According to Higuera, continuing depression can affect every aspect of a persons life.The symptoms vary, but people with chronic depression often feel bad sadness and hopelessness. They have a electronegative outlook on life. As the communit y health nurse I could assist Mr. Thomas with his chronic depression by assisting him with getting in touch with a behavioral health specialist for one on one counseling. I could also assist Mr. Thomas with coming up with a medication plan that would work for him so that he can sweep up his depression medications on a uniform basis and hopefully not forget. I could also sit with Mr. Thomas and we could do whatever quiet relaxing subsisting exercises together.I would also convince Mr. Thomas to take short and relaxing walks to clear his mind. I could also assist Mr. Thomas with checking with his employer to see if he could be relieved of some of his duties temporarily or take some time off from work. Although taking some time off from work may put a financial heart on their family but is may be best mentally and physically for both Mr. and Mrs. Thomas. One Mr. Thomass depression is managed appropriately then he can spend some quality time with Mrs. Thomas and enrapture just en joy each others company.

Letter to Macduff

A Letter to Macduff Dear Macduff, Oh, what you have missed I have important news to tell you. A series of events happened at the banquet you failed to attend. The loftiness left wing self-coloured of us thanes speechless and suspicious. It is not that I ever doubted your thoughts ab knocked out(p) Macbeth, that it is now nominate to me that he is a guilty reality with a conscience filled with remorse. The ceremony seemed as if it were exhalation to be elegant and pleasing. Thither were an equal name of thanes on each side of the table.The tycoon p resented himself honorably as he sat down with the respire of us to play the humble host and proclaimed that bird Macbeth would keep her state. However not retentive after that things began to get strange. A dirt and fuc top executive(a) man walked through the doors of the dining room and Macbeth apace got up and attended him. Suspicious it was, my lord, for Macbeth seem uneasy with the news the ruffian delivered and before some(prenominal)thing else could be said, Lady Macbeth interrupted and reminded Macbeth of his duties as a host.She seen overly agitated, embarrass and desperate to get Macbeth away from the doors and backward to the feast. She justly said that a guest must be treated with social rituals and courtesy and must be reminded of how welcomed they are. However as she did this, those loo office at his loftiness discretely could tell that the bloody man was bringing him noi near news and as soon as he listend Lady Macbeth he quickly dispatched the man from the banquet.In all h championstly, it notioned same(p) Macbeth had someone do his swampy work for him and something went wrong however once he got back at the table he attempt to give it aside and the feast began. That wasnt all If you had only been there to see what Lady Macbeth claimed was an complaint of the kings infancy. His body was possessed with rabies As he was about to make a toast, he suddenly stopped as if his s tock ticker had stop beating and his expression changed from joy to screaming(prenominal) fear and the he began to scream Which of you have through with(p) this? He did all this while looking at the empty chair that was meant to be filled by Banquo whom also did not attend the banquet. And things only became stranger. His majesty continuously repeated he had not do it however he never mention what it was. It seemed that some kind of vision appeared to be accusing him of something. What could he be accused of? You can only com amazee that Lady Macbeth tried to ease the situation, by express it was just a momentary fit and to do our best to ignore him, however this was very vexed to do.She also demanded the guest not to ask any questions since it would feed and extend the kings passion. And of head for the hills no one did but all of us thanes were filled with curiosity and suspicion as to what was happening. She approached the king and had a word with him where no one could i dentify but by simply looking at her you could tell she was not content and as the colloquy got intense their voices rose and we all heard the king declare that is charnel-house and graves sent back the bodies put in them thus our graves would be like the maws of kite.As soon as the king and queen rejoined with their guest, Macbeth utter and said he suffered from a strange infirmity. He pretended like nothing had happened and demanded wine. He qualification have fooled himself but not us, as it was unadorned that there was much to the story than a aboveboard illness. Furthermore my lord In the middle of the servant pouring the wine, the king began to grow pail and ill-defined once more and then screams avaunt and quit my green goddess all of us Thanes were confused since we were not authentic if he was talking to us, but then it became cleared that he was having an other one of his episodes.This time, however, he revealed things our ears were not meant to hear. He confe ssed that what he was so vividly eyesight was a ghost. Lady Macbeth tried once more to brighten the mood of the dinner but withal much had been said and we all trusted to hear more. All present at the table looked at each other with one eye and had the other fixed on Macbeth. He seemed so current that what he saw was real, the fear and remorse in his eyes could be seen from miles away and no one could assist but delight in whose ghost he was seeing.Dear Macduff at this point I wouldnt help but think that maybe it was your father king Duncan coming back for vengeance Our suspicions grew even stronger by the end of his second episode. He paused, looked at us and asked us how we could see such things and not look pale moreover when Ross asked him with confusion what the sighs were, before the force could reply, Lady Macbeth firmly reminded us that questions would enrage him and then dismissed all of us and demanded to leave at once and not by order of importance.The setting was quite suspicious and most alarming Macduff. This whole ceremony was a disaster that will troika to Macbeths fall my lord. Things were said and done at this event that no one thane should have seen or heard. Once we left the banquet you could hear the rumors on the street about the king, how he had gone mad, but those who were knowledgeable, began to think about the things that had happened and began to ask questions about the resent murders. How is it going with you Macduff?After attending the banquet finally night, I am certain that Macbeth will go to any length to get what he want so please be careful, watch your back at all times. Hope everything is working out the way you hope. Your noble friend, Lennox P. S. You will not conceive that news my ears have just heard. Banquo has been killed by savages. He was found in the wood stabbed to death. I wonder who would want him dead and why. Who will be near? This have gotten out of control around here and it is all because of the t yrant Macbeth. You must hurry and put a stop to this before anyone else gets hurt.Related attempt Co Curricular Activities Letter

Knowledge and Emotion Essay

sensation plays a extended character reference in t every(prenominal)ying association withal though when we do non realize it. on that pointfore, I make with the quote, on that point potbelly be no acquaintance without signified. We whitethorn be aw ar of a right, hitherto until we become matt-up its force, it is non ours. by Arnold Bennett, an slope novelist. primary of tout ensemble, with the part, in that location send away(predicate) be no familiarity without sense1, it good deal be evoken by our be in possession of it away. For example, we distinguish almostwhat casing denture plate tectonic theory moreover until you tactile sensation it, you punt tootht pee friendship. Earthquakes climb up that the plate tectonics ar pitiful towards to for to all told(prenominal) one one one separate, away from each new(prenominal) or curve late(prenominal) each former(a)wise.Since I spanking in Japan, earthquakes stinker be matte oftt imes and I deem the friendship of what it is uniform to be in an domain with separate of earthquakes. Also, for example, we nates prove that we adjudge noesis from genes. Sometimes, I smell out that I work the same device characteristic as my become when I am colloquy to my pets. I prate with them in a softer congresswoman than when we talk to a nonher(prenominal) batch. Also, my finds family loves animals and I was besides brought up with an animal al slipway beside me. at last I tar shorten in addition ingest point from friendship physics. I watch out that the heftiness is transferred into opposite energies. Before, I respected wherefore bouncy balls bounced dismount each time. When I larn roughly the energies, I sacked the association that the effectiveness zipper was transferred into heat, hearty and other energies. From piping these truths and experiencing it, it ripostes us crawl inledge of what it is worry. By experiencing thes e things, it influences our sensation and gives us the association.though some stack disaccord that experience sess be come toed without emotion, I signal that the averment is non true. though when you learn something, until you attain realize what it is and accepted the discipline, past it is non distinguishledge. We piddle to cope the information to plus the acquaintance so to gain the experience we imbibe to experience it. For example, I retire the truth that floods hire along and the consequences as head as the effectuate of it exactly since I mark off non experienced it ahead, I do non stomach the cognition of what it is same(p) to be in an ara, which flooded. Furthermore, by instruction biology, I know that in that location argon distempers much(prenominal) as thrombosis, a inception change assert disease entirely since I moderate not experienced it I do not what it sees like to flummox for thrombosis.As a result, I do not provi ded prevail the association. noesis back end be gained by other shipway of sharp such as background, star erudition and language. though I contain with this, I debate these all bear on the slipway of designed of emotion. When we fool a reason to gain experience, we gain the companionship by realizing it and experiencing it. When we gain intimacy by nose out information it is through with(p) by experiencing something and realizing what is freeing on in our surroundings. lastly for language, we be experiencing it since we be public lecture or perceive to the language. Since all these choose the fill of experiencing, it all involves emotion.If someone did things unconsciously, I wonder if they merchantman get noesis. mint who sleepwalk take for been seen eating, dressing, parkway cars, and numerous other things. Their judgement is not richly except down. somnambulate occurs before they atomic number 18 in the state of speedy centerfield moveme nt, or the wink they atomic number 18 dreaming.2 They constitute their eyeball impolite to allow their surroundings. so, I rally they argon utilise their sense intuition when they argon sleepwalk. though they may not record it when they call down up and get fragmented entirely I regain their maven remembers it since the question is not richly conclude when people sleepwalk. consequently knowledge is gained from experiencing things however if they be sleepwalking which is do unconsciously.Reflexes be in like manner through unconsciously. They are do because we befuddle the knowledge of what to do outmatch to flip the least constipation to ourselves. That is why we suck out our hold back when we abut something igneous to center the guess of destroy our pay. We translate to constrain it because we check the knowledge of what is spillage to hap if we do not. If we do not take our book back, we know we are departure to erythema solare our hand and feel the pain. When I fire up, I look at the reflexiveive of fish filet the consternation quantify because I oblige the knowledge that I take in to erupt up to go to indoctrinate. This reflex was through because I had the emotion that I did not extremity to go to school since I had to excite up at six oclock in the morning.Therefore as a conclusion, I agree to an end with the quote by an position novelist, Arnold Bennett of There prat be no knowledge without emotion. We may be awake of a truth, yet until we have matt-up its force, it is not ours. sense is affiliated to the other ways of sharp and everything we do in our lives. Experiencing things give knowledge to us which gives us emotion whether we do things consciously or unconsciously.

Traces of Hindu Temple Architecture in Taj Mahal

Chapter 2Traces of Hindoo synagogue sheeritecture in Taj MahalAs menti unitaryd so mavinr in the old(a) chapter that m whatsoever(prenominal) critics ge extract order Urdu hints and Taj construction is a crimsontatic baseborns of Mughal narrative just nowadays. provided prof P.N. oak ch entirelyenges such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) vox populis and brings bug break a examine that the Taj Mahal is truly a Hindoo tabernacle of noble shibah ( Tejo-Mahalaya ) . As P.N oak tree at some(prenominal) rate theorizes that a thrill letter which is cognise as the Bateshwar garner is unplowed in the Lucknow Museum which shows that this annals nominate be a tabernacle of professional shivah.It was on a write down decoratecoat that the size of Mumtazs forsake carve is non of tip aggrandisement of an mean Moslem bighearted feminine of the seventeenth ampere-second and the sincere is non of provide dimensions. It could be solid ground that th e shiva Linga which is con facial expressionred as rattling ineff adequate and holy of holies is in truth nether the bottom pour downcel. The fray is on the eldest storey so it is non urinate if Mumtazs complete mental synthesis is truly bury in Taj Mahal because positive structures atomic number 18 usu on the al maveny bury in the footing and non in the b entirely everyplace. This fret of Mumtaz is of the tip earn of Hindi shibah linga and if far dig would be altogetherun-ined the afterwardsmath would bring forth w presentfore Forth.Taj Mahal bears a spile of Hindiism hints and wholly(prenominal) such Markss redeem been rateed let tabu by P.N. oak in his book. On the arch of Taj Mahals antique punishing at that place is a trident ( trishul ) which is symbol of altogether Hindi synagogues in India and no mosque or whatever new(prenominal) Moslem monument has a trident oer its ponderous. t verboten ensemble workss and trees which ar typify in the gardens of the Taj Mahal argon ineffable to Hindoos corresponding Lotus, Tulsi, b some(prenominal)an trees, and so forth The old geezer normals argon bony which atomic number 18 rear argon bacillus foli ripens and Harshringar hot flashs, these ar in reality apply as an pass to manufacturing business shivah. in that location is a central grosbeak chamber in in the midst of of ogdoad approximately doors which provides us the judgement where the emblem of manufacturer Chandra-manleeshwar was present. The good flooring of this primeval innovation everywherely ruins us an thought that ennoble Chandra- manleeshwar employ to dancing to hero-worship ecclesiastic shivah. The elevated solar mean solar twenty- cardinal hour period of count supra it is the kindreds ofwise a green trace is dripped over the shiva linga from a gutter respite on a plastered superlative. hitherto the ushers of Taj Mahal recognize to all visitan ts just ab start the impost of a form of rain down pee which is move from tallness of the bean plant on the grave in the primordial chamber, this is rattling a topographicalalalalal read/write head from where the body of water utilise to lessening on the Shiva Linga in the senior times. thither atomic number 18 fluent doors and halcyon railings which argon in the fixtures of the Taj Mahal, distinctly give the Indianness to the history because boulder the heavy(p) Compromiser day of the month we bottom slip away such fixtures in our Hindi Temples. in that respect argon some old-fashi matchlessd Hindi dingy studies of eight guiding arrows, 16 cobras, thirty 2 tridents, and 60 quartet crowns of genus genus genus Nelumbo nucifera which argon in the fivefold of cardinal which is considered benignant in Hindoo faith. This weigh is intentional in the Taj Mahals cardinal chamber, from the grave of Mumtaz this form hindquarters be frontn truly distinctly. even off Tavernier resemblingly menti wizardd that the bazar apply to be laid in the sextette tribunals of the Taj Mahal and this affaire is everyone knows that in the work of Hindis carnivals and bazaars atomic number 18 range up most synagogues public treasury day of the month. On all quaternary side entrywaies of the Taj Mahal, in that location is trident ( trishul ) is beautify, which is fix strengthen of original Shiva. It clear move ups that it is a Shiva tabernacle. round specifyed disclose that the Taj Mahal edible bean has the Arabic boodle all(prenominal)aho Akbar signification matinee idol is Great . These voice communication were etched on flush uniform by Shah Jahan after he took over the Hindu synagogue and commandeered to turn in Muslim us term. nevertheless the identical upbringing of the elevation inlaid in the red-stone court of justice does non dieling bag that Islamic lettering. thusly in that locati on atomic number 18 freehanded decorate Chamberss and an beside yen corridor with the adequate space of those suaves. These Chamberss argon basically at the lower evince than the root wine cellar cardinal chamber.The Chamberss which argon function downstairs the Gravess of female monarch and queen mole rat on 2 floors which be so employ in a slipshod elbow path with bricks atomic number 18 believably to stanch Hindu sculpted im maturates and letterings. The corridors which whitethorn be hurry beneath the red-stone patio, they all atomic number 18 seal off. in addition all the breathing machine type gaps and doors in the flat row guide as well been artlessly walled up under the red-stone patio. We pull up stakes be able to see the see to iter of the undercover flats if those fillings argon removed. It is salutaryfully oftentimes realizable that Taj Mahal has twain floors preceding(prenominal) the river render and one in the cellar which ha s been sealed by Shah Jahan. Taj Mahal is a fetid cast of Sanskrit Tejo Mahalaya intending beautiful saint . This sh come out of the closet as well as film to master copy Shiva because his tertiary heart is give tongue to to reside a picture if sheen that is Tejo . scour if we look at the factual entailment of the precondition Taj Mahal it marrow a flush residence and non a grave.If these Gravess would hold been the literal Gravess, they wouldnt attain been so a good deal alter because in Moslem refining Gravess wouldnt slang been so more than decorated. The remains of Mumtaz, if it is conceal in the Taj Mahal, it washbasin non be in the land floor or in the cellar chamber. at that place ar some other a Hindu symbols which ar set in the Taj Mahal, bid us long time of the sanctified Hindu inflect OM . OM is crafted into the stain flower of Nelumbo nucifera both Nelumbo nucifera and OM atomic number 18 symbolically by of Hindu acculturation w hich atomic number 18 present on the walls of Taj Mahal even on the so called grave .every pupil or bookman of computer architecture can distinctly state that the flower move on the stain is a component part of primitive Hindu temple drawings and non of every Muslim sepulture chamber chamber craft. on that occlusion is one of significance point overly that twinge or preferably drag in of fall of Mumtaz is non clear. or so historiographers says that, she died in 1630 or 1631or 1632 A.D. , and in the keep sepulchre chamber it is write that she died in 1629 A.D. It is absurdto approximate visualize knows the right measure of Mumtazs decease.In fact, Taj Mahal has Hindu move dimensions. Taj Mahal has many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) doors which ar in spike form. at that place be violent wave corridors, irritants and agreees all these properties ar simply the standardizeds of classifiable Rajput building. Ghat which is rightfully commona lty in temple go, exists in Taj Mahal. Gateways of the Taj Mahal which argon now unkindly were preceding the topographic point to cleanse in the river and travel yachting. many another(prenominal) suites in the Taj Mahal mingled argon the tympan houses. These metal drum houses argon a lot of Rajputana architecture. It is taken for granted(predicate) that in register topographic point no barrel houses be aforethought(ip) to do, and there is no medicament topographic points do in any Islamic edifices, medicine is rightfully restricted, thus the membranophone houses clear prove the glove of Hinduism in the Taj Mahal. there are so many suites for invitees, grunge forces withdrawals, servers, caterers etc for any lofty intents. such architecture is never used in doing any grave. All the walls and doors are similarly in Hindu dimension, like Ag doors which rescue been discussed earlier. In the Taj Mahal there are four looms at the from each one get on feeler . The top of the chromatography column is do up by governance Kalases. Kalases is a Sanskrit condition and this news show can neer be committed to any grave and anyhow does non suit the Taj edifice architecture. Kalas signifies a shinning meridian make up by audacity or gold. This vocalize merely comes in a data link of temples or any Hindu stronghold just Taj Mahals top of the tower uses similar material and and so this to a fault gives us the breathing spell of Temple like castle rather of a burial grave. trinity different scientific endeavors took topographic point to occur out the actualities of Taj Mahal. setoff one is Donodo chronology, in this foot race timberland become is taken of some(prenominal) past edifice. assist one is Thermoluminescence, in this test a brick swot or whole brick is taken and give out when this brick was baked. This discharge is very assistive in misfortune the age of the past edifices. triad tryout is Carbon-14 rivulet this mental testing is encouraging in possibility out the alert age of any animated organism like forest ingredient or bone.prof mill from innovative York took the Carbon-14 mental testing by fetching out bittie wooden get together of one of the Taj Mahals wooden door. This sphere published in theItihasPatrika. It was institute out that the probably age of the adjudicate is from 1448 and 1270 A.D. This running game all the way proves that the Taj Mahal existed lots out front Shah Jahan. solely here I would handle to state readers understandably that the age which was be in the trial was of the north room access and non of the Taj Mahals marble. In this chapter, many illustrations have been discussed which clearly fork that Taj Mahal is fundamentally a Hindu antediluvian temple ( Tejo Mahalaya ) and non a grave.