Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Analysis Of Proposals For Uk Youth Provision Young People Essay Example

Analysis Of Proposals For Uk Youth Provision Young People Essay Example Analysis Of Proposals For Uk Youth Provision Young People Essay Analysis Of Proposals For Uk Youth Provision Young People Essay Critically analyse past enterprises and current authorities proposals to dramatically spread out young person proviso in order to better life opportunities of immature people There are many proposals and constabularies that authoritiess have brought in to both expand young person proviso and better life opportunities, this essay will cover those brought in by the Conservative party under Margaret Thatcher and New labor. I will be discoursing what the Conservatives and New labor did to spread out young person proviso and whether their constabularies were successful, this will include analyzing if these constabularies truly improved the life opportunities for young persons. For the conservativists under Thatcher her chief young person policy was the Youth preparation strategy and for New Labour there were many new policies brought in excessively expand young person proviso such as Connections and the Crime Disorder Act. Margaret Thatcher became the conservative leader in 1975 and was elected premier curate in 1979 and remained in power for 11 old ages. Thatcher s positions on immature people were that if immature people were unemployed so it was their mistake and the authorities was non traveling to make anything to assist. Thatcher decided that it should be single s duty and non the provinces. At the terminal of Thatcher s first term of going premier minster the sum of unemployed people in Britain rose above 3 million and many of these were young persons. ( Chapman and cook, 1988 ) One of the Key parts of turning up is experiencing portion of a society and belonging . When Thatcher was Prime curate, the spread between rich and hapless was bigger than it had of all time been. ( Townsend, 1979 in Chapman and Cook, 1988 ) Society was by and large more marginalised ; this is grouping of people who have somehow go detached and experience themselves excluded. This is a clear position that constabularie s which had been brought in under Thatcher had a detrimental consequence on those who were dependent on the authorities. ( Chapman and Cook, 1988 ) Marginalisation affects on society are good defined in this quotation mark of Townsend below. Harmonizing to Townsend ( 1986 ) , every bit good as the unemployed, many other subdivisions of society, aˆÂ ¦.not merely feel they have no portion in it. They have no portion in it. This Fosters acute defeat and deep disaffection from authorization. Peoples say their lives have become meaningless because their accomplishments have become outdated, their potencies ignored, and their worth depreciated. Townsend adds that these groups are non even 2nd category, they are more genuinely, fringy citizens . ( Chapman and cook, 1988, p43 ) Marginalisation affects households in many ways it places big sums of force per unit area on them to seek to suit in to normal society ; the grounds for this force per unit area would chiefly be financially. Young persons could happen them egos socially excluded because of marginalization for many grounds for illustration, their households non being able to afford new school uniforms which could ensue in the kid being bullied. This and other jobs formed from marginalization would greatly impact the life opportunities of the kid. The conservative authorities attempted to reform the public assistance province, one of the facets they aimed to better was to assist immature people who were unemployed aged 16 -25 as unemployment was identified as a major job in the late 1980 s. Thatcher aimed to work out the job of high unemployment among young persons by presenting a young person preparation programme in 1988, this aimed to assist young persons happen occupations and assist them acquire back on path. This young person strategy introduced chances for work experience in the work topographic point, developing enterprises and societal accomplishment edifice. ( Chapman and Cook, 1988 ) Although the Youth Opportunities Programme offered a figure of immature people relevant preparation and a lasting occupation afterwards, it was non successful in offering all immature people lasting occupations. The immature people besides had unfavorable judgment of the YTS ( Youth Training Scheme ) ( Rees and Atkinson, 1982 ; Cross et Al, 1983 ; Finn, 1984a ; Roberts and Kirby, 1985 ; Benn and Fairly, 1986 in Chapman and Cook, 1988 ) . A figure of immature people did non take up the YTS topographic points as they were unhappy with the wage, conditions and the quality of preparation as a consequence of this the bead out rates were really high. ( Wellens, 1983, in Chapman and Cook, 1988 ) The effects of the YTS appear to hold small hope of immature people traveling out of their fringy position in economic system or society. Particularly for black immature people as the opportunities were even worse. On norm, merely one in three black alumnuss were likely to happen work within three months of go forthing the Youth Training Scheme. ( Youthaid, 1986 in Chapman and Cook, 1988 ) The Youth preparation strategy did non ever warrant work afterwards for young persons. This would intend that non all young persons got equal opportunities at life under this strategy. The YTS aimed to better life opportunities and equal chances for all race s and both genders, nevertheless the strategy failed to accomplish this and racial and sexist favoritism existed. ( Fawcett Society, 1985, Cockburn, 1986 in Chapman and Cook 1988 ) Young adult females were non being introduced into non traditional work and if they were, they experienced troubles such as sexual torment besides many black young p ersons were placed in the poorer subdivisions of the YTS which made it harder for them to be offered major occupation chances. Although Thatcher clearly saw there was a job with young person unemployment the results of the YTS although it had been successful for some people this was non the instance for the bulk of young persons. The young persons that it was non successful for would more likely face hazards in ulterior life. For illustration get downing a household and populating their life independently. New labor came in to power in 1997 their Political aims for young person policy could be divided in to four ends. These ends were to hold ; Active Citizenship, to give young persons rights and duties , Lifelong Learning, which is all about the instruction , Social Exclusion about giving young persons a manus up, non a manus out Community Safety to be tough on the cause of offense . ( Williamson, 2007, Pg34 ) New Labour s chief concerns with young persons were educational underachievement, youth unemployment, adolescent gestation, young person homelessness, substance abuse, piquing behavior and household alienation. These concerns that New Labour had were the jobs that they based their young person policy docket on. ( Williamson, 2007 ) Some of the Enterprises that new labor brought in to assist run into the demands of immature people were: Connections, sexual wellness consciousness, young person justness and young person inclusion through positives activities and under the Crime and Disorder Act there are enterprises such as: Anti Social Behaviour Orders ( ASBO s ) , Curfews, Child Safety Orders and Rearing orders. ( Williamson, 2007 ) Connections were established in 2001 and they aimed to seek and better immature peoples life opportunities by supplying advice and support. ( Department for Children, schools and households, 2009 ) Connexions would supply support for immature people aged 13 to 19 old ages of age and they would seek and assist them to acquiring to where they wanted in life. They besides provide support for people with larning troubles or disabilities up to the age of 25. Connections paid a batch of their attending to immature people who are non in instruction, unemployed or socially excluded. ( Connexions Services, no day of the month ) Connections were set up to do a large alteration in the manner that support was given to immature people. The Labour Government s purpose was to better the manner that services work with immature people, they wanted bring services together and by joined up thought they would so hold a holistic position of a immature individual demands. Another purpose of the Connexions scheme was to seek and supply a ladder out of societal exclusion and seek and construct stronger communities. Tony Blair ( SEUb 1999: 6 ) suggests, The best defense mechanism against societal exclusion is holding a occupation, and the best manner to acquire a occupation is to hold a good instruction, with the right preparation and experience . The impression of societal exclusion has merely been used in the UK for merely a short period of clip, although before societal exclusion may hold existed there was non a suited name which described it best . ( Page 2000:4 ) Social exclusion is non merely a affair of people no n being able to entree indispensable goods, it is besides about the nature of societal relationships that immature people will prosecute in, for illustration losing your occupation consequences in a bead of income besides people may lose of import relationships which were fostered by the workplace. This drew attending to persons in groups such as unemployment and people missing marketable accomplishments which led immature people being pushed into a fringy position. It is this kind of believing assorted with cultural impressions of an lower class and analyses of profound structural alteration ) that informed the constitution of the Social Exclusion Unit. ( Wilson, 1996 ) The Unit describes societal exclusion as a shorthand label for what can go on when persons or countries suffer from a figure of jobs such as, unemployment, hapless accomplishments, low income, hapless lodging, high offense environments, bad wellness and household dislocation ( SEU, 1998 ) The Social exclusion unit h elps both persons and the vicinities. There has been no grounds that working with other bureaus plants. Although it sounds like a superb thought and seem comparatively easy to make, there have been many jobs with partnerships. Within Connexions there is non merely immense focal point on societal exclusion and joined up thought and individualization but there is besides a batch of attending on the undermentioned issues these are, Targets, Knowledge Economy, passages and surveillance These are all Key to what New Labour aimed to accomplish with Connections. ( Jeffs and Smith, 2001 ) Connections mark is: It will be an outcome-driven service, leting local discretion over bringing, but with clear marks to cover the multi-agency nature of its work. The chief marks will associate to engagement and attainment in instruction, preparation or work, since it is clear from the Bridging the Gap study and other research that engagement has a major impact on a immature individual s more general well-being . ( DfEE 2000 ) They will besides be working with a immature individual s concerns and involvements and will be a cosmopolitan and targeted service. As Watts ( 2001 ) pointed out some clip ago, universality was a second-order consideration ( Smith, 2005 ) which meant that things like callings counsel and transforming young person work were neglected. Hoggarth and Smith ( 2005 ) concluded to state that Connexions looks like two services than one ( Smith, 2005 ) Although Connections have this mark to be working with immature people to hold major impacts on their life s, there are serious jobs with Connexions and the manner that they come about assisting immature people, as Connexions seem to in a batch of instances help those who do non desire aid foremost and the people who need the aid come 2nd best. ( Watts 2001 ) This would impact the life opportunities for immature people as they could lose out on important things subsequently in life due to the fact that Connexions put the incorrect people foremost in the line of aid. A cardinal construct for Connexions was the authoritiess concern with the Knowledge economic system and the learning society. Connections aimed to better this by seeking to cut down offense by undertaking the first marks of societal exclusion from the streets, for illustration graffito and people kiping rough. This is what they believed would better the quality of life for immature people. When thought of practical accomplishments that immature people need, there is besides belief that bettering degrees of literacy, numeracy and the ability to utilize a computing machine will increase the potency of acquiring a high paid occupation later in life. Nowadays immature people are turning up where it is non a smooth passage from school to work life, because of the accomplishments that are required from them ; it is a batch harder to happen a occupation. Three decennaries ago immature people moved from school straight into employment with no preparation, this was merely expected from them a nd they would frequently remain with there employer until they retire. Today people move in and out of occupations and instruction throughout their lives ( Field 2000 ; Tuckett, 1997, Dfee 1997 ) Re-training has become the NORM because the accomplishments that are required from employees agencies that they are invariably holding to update their accomplishments, the same thing besides applies to immature people seeking to happen a occupation. In the current Knowledge economic system the passage between immature people populating with their parents and traveling to your ain place has become more complex ( Fitzatrick 2000 ; Furlong and Cartmel, 1997 ) grounds could include pupil debts and unemployment. Strong focal point on surveillance is besides a cardinal purpose of Connexions. Connexions scheme keeps elaborate record on single immature people, chiefly on those deemed to be at hazard of societal exclusion and other hazards such as employment, bad wellness or those that need particular monitoring. Different bureaus could utilize the information on a certain immature individual to assist them, this and working together as bureaus will assist immature people try and come out of societal exclusion and attempt and happen a occupation. Other types of surveillance is besides being used to maintain an oculus on immature people, CCTV cameras are being put up outside stores to maintain close oculus on young persons doing problem. There besides has been an enterprise to maintain immature people off from certain countries were they are being intimidating. This enterprise was called the Mosquito enterprise This is a high pitched noise that is by and large merely heard by immature people aged under the age of 25. This is to seek and halt young persons imbibing and hanging about street corners and store windows non necessary doing problem but they can be really intimidating. There seems to be a positive consequence from this as it has reduced the figure of immature people hanging outside stores. The job with the mosquito enterprise is that it targets every immature individual under the age of 25 and it is non just as non all immature people are doing problem or being intimidating. Shop keepers may free clients from this enterprise because immature people who use the store and are non doing problem are non traveling to utilize the store because they will still hear the noise. ( BBC News, 2005 ) The Crime and perturb act was introduced in 1998 to aim offense and anti societal behavior. Tony Blair told electors that Labour Government would take a zero tolerance attack to offense and he will be tough on offense . Due to this Labour Government was to fast track penalty and to make this they brought in community safety orders. These were called anti-social behavior orders ( ASBO S ) , this was to cover with threatening and riotous young persons as Jack Straw wanted to seek and assist construct safer communities and to make this he was to aim trouble makers to let people in communities to be free from torment. ( Guardian, 2009 ) These ASBO s frequently include limitations on come ining a certain country or a store but it can besides include prohibitions on peculiar Acts of the Apostless, such as cursing in public. ( BBC News, 2002 ) The Problem with ASBO s is that they are sometimes used to aim immature people, although many signifiers of anti-social behavior can be dismaying or straitening they are frequently non condemnable Acts of the Apostless, for illustration playing loud music, if a young person was to interrupt the conditions of his or her ASBO this could take to a sentence of up to five old ages in prison. This would impact their life opportunities, as if a immature individual has been in prison they would acquire a condemnable record and the immature individual will happen it really hard to acquire a occupation after prison. Another job is that since ASBO s have been brought in there has been more youths sent to prison as ASBO s have been seen as cool and have a been associated with a bad male child image and in some instances young persons have been know to show off there ASBO s and even seeking to acquire the more ASBO s than their friends which shows the policy is non assisting the job of young p erson offense and merely assisting to foster restrict life opportunities. ( Smith, 2005 ) ( Hampshire Constabulary, no day of the month ) Three of the other chief commissariats under the Crime and Disorder act are: Child Safety Orders, which Aim at cut downing the hazard of kids under 10 stealing into offense, this usually last three months and topographic point the kid under the supervising of either a societal worker or a member of a Youth Offending Team. Rearing Orders, this requires parents to take action to alter the behavior of their kids between 10 and 17, and the 3rd is a Local Child Curfew strategy, Local governments can put up these and it requires a immature individual to stay for set periods of clip at a specific topographic point, this can be given along side other community orders. This clip period can be between 2 -12 hours a twenty-four hours and the sentence can last more that six months for 16 twelvemonth olds and three months under the age of 16. ( YJB, no day of the month ) Both the ASBO s and Curfews can be seen as cleaning up the streets to acquire rid of any kind of unacceptable behavior. ( Flect er, 2005 ) Although some people may believe that Curfews are acquiring rid of immature people who are doing bad behavior, Gelsthorpe and Morris would propose that Curfews can penalise normal behavior as being suspicious , ( Jones, no date:18 ) The job with rearing orders is that it may do tenseness between the parent and immature individual and may take to more parents bespeaking the local authorization to suit their kids. ( Jones, no date:18 ) To do immature people cognizant of sexual wellness, the New Labour authorities set up a sexual wellness consciousness run this was brought in February 2007, its mark groups were immature people aged 18 -25. Their purpose was to advance safer sex and raise consciousness of sexual wellness issues such as familial infections including Chlamydia, HIV and AIDS, and to besides raise consciousness about the hazard of unplanned gestation s, and to do immature people cognizant of the types of contraceptive method available. Finally to supply advice and support associating to sexual wellness. ( Health Promotion Agency, 2007 ) Although this is a positive run the job with it is that the advertizement were on wireless Stationss, and the wireless station that they were advertised on immature people may non listen to, the wireless Stationss were Downtown wireless, Cool Fm, City round and Q102. Advertisement for sexual wellness consciousness could hold been on put on telecasting or even in postings in nines, immature people would so see this whenever they are out or at place. For life opportunities, immature people who have non been cognizant of sexual wellness may hold life endangering infections or cause sterility which could do it harder to get down a household subsequently in life, for most sexually transmitted infections they are curable and will non consequence many life opportunities, nevertheless if the authorities set up a run which is readily available to all immature people sexual familial infections may be reduced. Young people today turning up in the modern universe are facing new hazards and more chances . ( Furlong and Cartmel, 2007:8 in Wood and Hine, 2009 ) There are important differences between groups of immature people ; in peculiar there is a turning divide between immature people who stay on in instruction and addition makings, and those who leave school at the age of 16 or 17, for the 2nd group there is a serious hazard of them acquiring a low paid occupation and they could confront periods of unemployment because they are non qualified. ( Batsleer, 2008 in Wood and Hine, 2009 ) Due to the recession we are confronting in the UK today it is really difficult to happen a occupation, or if you have a occupation so many people are acquiring made redundant. In the last three months of 2008 one in four immature people age between 18 and 24 were being made redundant. ( Local Government Association, 2009 ) Jobs now want more educated and trained people. This is go forthing a batch of immature people unemployed as they have no farther instruction. Nerve pathwaies from station 16 instructions have been brought in to increase preparation chances and increase immature people s accomplishments. The authorities has recognised that in today s cognition economic system immature people are required to go to farther instruction or preparation, from this the authorities program to increase the Compulsory acquisition age to 18 ; this new Act will raise the instruction go forthing age to 17 in 2013 and to 18 from 2015. This jurisprudence is to give immature people more chances later in life. Research has shown that people who stay in instruction after the age of 16 are less likely to perpetrate offenses, suffer from sick wellness and acquire involved in anti-social behavior. This new jurisprudence does non intend that immature people have to remain in full clip instruction. Young people will be ab le to take if they want to transport on in full clip instruction for illustration school or college, or they can take an apprenticeship, or undertake parttime preparation if they are working or volunteering for more than 20 hours per hebdomad. ( Direct Gov, 2008 ) A positive enterprise that was brought in to promote immature people to transport on to farther instruction was the Education Maintenance Allowance ( EMA ) , this comes in hebdomadal episodes of either 10 lb, 20 lb or 30 lb depending on your parents household income, so non every immature individual will have this. However, immature people will merely have this if they regularly attend and work hard on their class, every bit good as this if pupils do good on their class and attend on a regular basis they will have fillips. This is non giving all immature people equal chances in life, as non all immature people receive EMA. Another job is that what immature people spend this money on, they may good pass this money prodigally and even things such as drugs, and if they were non having EMA so they may non be able to afford drugs in the first topographic point. ( DirectGov, no day of the month ) In 2008 the taking high for immature people scheme was brought in this was a 10 twelvemonth execution program for positive activities which sets to better leisure clip chances, activities and support services for immature people in England. ( National Youth Agency, 2001 ) ) This scheme was implemented to do immature people feel more comfy within their community ; immature people presents are faced with the challenge of turning up in a civilization which has a widespread negative perceptual experience of immature people. This scheme aims to make more to seek and rebalance the manner the public perceive immature people, as some immature people/children are seen as evil particularly since Jamie Bulger s slaying in 1993 and this is another ground why young person behavior are being targeted in the manner they are. Youth inclusion programmes have been brought in to seek and acquire immature people off the streets and to acquire them more involved in activities so that they will experience more welcome in their community. The Youth Justice board is committed to advancing equal chances, and eliminating favoritism, so that staff and those having young person justness services are dealt with reasonably regardless of race, gender, faith, sexual orientation, or any disablement. ( YJB, no day of the month ) The Youth justness system includes programmes such as the Youth inclusion programme ( YIP ) this was established in 2000 and is a programme for 8 17 twelvemonth olds who are at hazard of anti-social behavior. The YIP s are based in countries which are high in offense rates. This Programme gives young persons someplace safe to travel to larn new accomplishments and even take portion in activities, they will besides be aid with their instruction if they are holding any problem, and YIP will besides supply callings advice. ( YJB, no day of the month ) This is another positive programme, and seems like it would work truly good in cut downing the figure of young persons doing problem and hanging about being intimidating, nevertheless there is still high Numberss of young persons on the streets perpetrating offenses that is why things such as ASBO s and Curfew orders were brought in by the authorities, but still after these orders were brought into topographic point young person offense is still a present job. Another job amongst immature people within the UK is recreational drug usage. The UK has one of the highest degrees of recreational drug usage in Europe and among immature people is going of all time popular with an increasing tendency of immature people desiring to see drugs. ( UKDPC, 2007 ) Over the past 30 old ages it has become an progressively common characteristic of British life. Most immature people presents have either had contact with drugs or experienced them. In most instances it is cannabis, and merely a little minority do travel on to take drugs such as Heroin and Crack and so go dependent and troubled users. However the immature people that do go dependent and have serious jobs have increased enormously since the 1970 s. There are people that are more vulnerable to drug usage, and these tend to be people and in communities that besides suffer societal exclusion. Socially excluded groups such as kids in attention of local governments, wrongdoers, school hooky players an d those with parents who use drugs tend to describe higher rates of drug usage. ( Budd et al, 2005a, Goulden and Sondhi, 2001 ) More harmful forms of drug usage are typically seen in people who are unemployed or unqualified or in fiscal troubles and the homeless. ( Coulthard et al, 2002, Wadsworth et Al, 2004 ) Mental wellness can besides be a job with drug usage. Cannabis has been linked with three types of mental wellness jobs: Schizophrenia, depression and anxiousness. However, the huge bulk of Cannabis users do non travel on to be mentally ill. ( Hunt et al. 2006 ) Other Dugs such as Ecstasy has been know to do long-run mental wellness and cognitive damage, including memory loss. ( Morgan, 2000 ) Drug usage can critically impact the life opportunities of immature people as for many young persons who get involved with drugs go on to hold subsequently jobs in life such as debt due to dependence by passing more on drugs than they can afford. Many immature people today have heard about drugs at an early age and demand educated about them and there effects. If immature people become dependent on drugs it may go a serious job and it may take to them perpetrating offenses, such as stealing to fund their drug usage and even travel down the route of harlotry. ( Goldstein, 1985 ) This links with the sexual consciousness run, if immature people do non cognize about the effects of insecure sex so harlotry may take to a high figure of immature people with sexually transmitted infections. Life opportunities can be to a great extent affected by the usage of drugs and can probably go a job when seeking to happen a occupation and many employers will non use you if you have a condemnable record. In the 1980 s and Early 1990 s there was the just say no advertisement run. This was to seek and deter kids from prosecuting in recreational drug usage by offering assorted ways of stating no. Due to this run more immature people were stating no to drugs, Nancy Reagan spoke to the populace about drugs and increased their consciousness of the job. Today there is Frank, which is a similar run which gives immature people advice on drugs and effects of them. The website Frank besides has narratives on there from people who have severely experienced drugs, or household or friends who have been affected by drugs. This will assist immature people because some of the best advice comes from person who has been through it all. ( Frank, no day of the month ) The Labour Government has barely neglected the job of illegal drugs. However on the long term, bar programmes have failed to accomplish their chief purpose of cut downing drug usage. Drug usage amongst immature people has risen the most over the last decennary and today still remains really high. ( UKDPC, 2007 ) Even if the current authorities can make little to cut down overall rates of drug usage, they could do better usage of available grounds, ( as discussed above ) they could hold choose constabularies that, efficaciously cut down drug related decease, offense, physical and mental wellness jobs and other injuries to the communities the Government should be willing to set money into such a lifting job. Child Protection UK have started to convey in books called from the bosom these books educate kids on the effects of drugs and intoxicant. They besides want to get down traveling into schools to speak to immature people about this. This may be a really effectual manner of acquiring immature people to listen and understand the full impact of drugs could hold on their life s and hence their life opportunities. One of the chief ends of England s kids and young person policy were set out in Every Child Matters ( Department for Education and Skills, 2003 ) this was followed by young person affairs. ( Department for Education and Skills, 2005 ) Young person Matters declared that immature people should hold more topographic points to travel in their local country and have more chances to volunteer and to do part to their local community this included better support when they need excess aid to cover with jobs and to hold better information, advice and counsel about issues that matter to them and for this information to be given to them in a manner they would profit from. Young person affairs came up with 5 results which are: Staying safe: from Maltreatment, Neglect, Violence, Sexual Exploitation, inadvertent hurt and decease, intimidation and favoritism, offense and anti-social behavior in and out of school, have security and stableness and cared for. Bing Healthy: so that they are physically, mentally, emotionally and sexually healthy and have a healthy life style and take non to take drugs. Enjoying and Achieving: so that immature people are ready for school and attend and enjoy school, to accomplish national criterions and to accomplish personal and societal development and enjoy diversion. Making a positive part: to prosecute in determination devising, back up their community and environment, engage in jurisprudence abiding and positive behavior in and out of school, develop self assurance, successfully cover with important life alterations. Achieving Economic well- being: so that they engage in farther instruction, employment or preparation on go forthing school, are ready for employment, live in nice places aˆÂ ¦.. Live in families free from low income. ( DFES, 2005 ) The policy aims to listen to the voice of immature people and to advance battle particularly in countries of want. These aims/outcomes will seek to take t

Friday, November 22, 2019

20 Criminal Terms You Should Know

20 Criminal Terms You Should Know 20 Criminal Terms You Should Know 20 Criminal Terms You Should Know By Maeve Maddox DISCLAIMER: This is a random list of frequently heard terms that relate to criminal activities. It is NOT comprehensive. It is NOT to be construed as legal advice. If you need reliable legal information, talk to a lawyer who practices law where you reside. Broadly speaking, U.S. law recognizes two types of crime: misdemeanor and felony. Not every state agrees as to the classification of misdemeanors and felonies. For example, in some states domestic abuse is a misdemeanor; in others its a felony. Nonetheless federal guidelines determine the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor in terms of punishment: a crime punished by imprisonment of a year or less is a misdemeanor. 1. arson: From Latin ardere, to burn (pp. arsus). Intentionally damaging a building with fire or explosives. 2. burglary: The crime of breaking into a house with intent to commit theft. Until some time ago this charge occurred only if the felon broke into the house at night. 3. crime: from Latin crimen, charge, indictment, offense. An act punishable by law, as being forbidden by statute or injurious to the public welfare. Legally, a crime consists of two parts: actus rea, the criminal action, and mens rea, the criminal intention. 4. domestic abuse: any act or threatened act against a person with whom an intimate relationship exists or existed, for example, spouse, boy/girlfriend, child. 5. embezzlement: from Anglo-Fr. embesiler to steal, cause to disappear. A person who appropriates to personal use money entrusted for another purpose commits embezzlement. 6. felony: as a term in common law from Old French felonie, wickedness, evil, treachery, perfidy, crime, cruelty, sin. Noun: felon; adjective: felonious. 7. forgery: The creation of a false written document or alteration of a genuine one, with the intent to defraud. 8. human trafficking: the crime of displacing people with a view to exploiting them. 9. kidnapping: a compound of kid (slang for child and nap, a variant of nab, to snatch away. The word first referred to the practice of stealing children or others in order to provide servants and workers for the American colonies. In current usage, the crime of kidnapping is the abduction of a person of any age with the intention of holding the person for ransom or for some other purpose. 10. larceny: from Latin latrocinium, robbery. The felonious taking and carrying away of the personal goods of another with intent to convert them to the takers use. The difference between grand larceny and petit larceny is one of the value (as defined by statute) of the stolen property. 11. manslaughter: from Old English mann, person+slaeht, act of killing. Manslaughter is the unlawful killing of a human being without malicious intent. Voluntary manslaughter is committed in the heat of passion, or while committing another felony. Involuntary manslaughter is the result of accident, such as vehicular manslaughter. 12. moral turpitude: turpitude is from a Latin word meaning vile, ugly, base, shameful. Defining the term in a legal sense is a slippery undertaking. Crimes of moral turpitude include: murder, voluntary manslaughter, rape, domestic violence, prostitution, embezzlement, arson, bribery, blackmal, perjury, and theft. 13. murder: from Old English morà °or. secret killing of a person. Murder is intentionally causing the death of another, either through premediation focused on a particular individual, or by extreme indifference to human life. First degree murder is defined by federal and state laws, which vary. 14. prostitution: from Latin prostituere, to expose to prostitutuion, to expose publicly. Commission of a sex act for money or some other thing of value. 15. receiving: accepting property for use, resale, or disposal that is thought or known by the receiver to have been stolen. 16. robbery: from Old French rober, from a Germanic source meaning to rob, spoil, plunder. Robbery is theft committed openly and with force. 17. stalking: With the sense pursue stealthily, the verb stalk comes from Old English stealcian, as in bestealcian to steal along. An early meaning of stalker was one who prowls for the purposes of theft. In todays usage, stalking is a crime that involves the intentional and repeated following and harrassing of another person to the extent that the targeted person fears bodily harm. 18. theft: depriving another of property. Theft implies subterfuge, while robbery is the open taking of property. Burglary is committed when the thief breaks into a building: 19. treason: AngloNorman treson from a Latin word meaning a handing over, surrender, and influenced by Old French trair betray. Treason is the crime of siding with the enemy, either to fight against ones own country, or to offer aid and comfort to the enemy. 20. trespass: from Old French trespasser, to pass beyond or across. Trespass is entering anothers property without permission. If it is with an illegal intent, its a crime. Illegal dumping is a form of trespass. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†On Behalf Of vs. In Behalf Of5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Select one Case Study from those supplied Essay

Select one Case Study from those supplied - Essay Example Korsakoff syndrome results from damage of the memory related brain areas (Dudgale, 2010). Therefore Wernicke’s encephalopathy can be called the acute phase and Korsakoff syndrome the chronic phase. Vitamin B1 is responsible for producing energy for the brain by metabolizing glucose. An impairment of this function due to any reason such as thiamine deficiency leads to decreased oxygen supply to the brain especially the thalamus and mammillary bodies and hence causes the brain damage. Mammillary bodies are part of the hypothalamus. There are neuronal connections between the hippocampus and the mammillary bodies. Then the neuronal connections extend from the mammillary bodies to the thalamus and then to the cortex of the brain. Memories are formed in the hippocampus and then stored in the cortex through this route. This is how damage to these areas of the brain in Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome leads to memory loss particularly anterograde amnesia. This means that memories of the distant past are remembered and available, while new memories cannot be formed, thereby leading to immediate forgetting of the recent events. The patient remembers events of the past before the illness but not after he started suffering from Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome (Barry, 2006). Without treatment Wernicke’s Korsakoff syndrome keeps on getting worse and can be life threatening. Its treatment is symptomatic and thus involves controlling the symptoms. In addition thymine is also given. Alcohol consumption maybe stopped. In addition to this drugs like donepezil and rivastigmine are also prescribed. These drugs are used in Alzheimer’s disease, but have been found to work effectively in Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome patients too. Antidepressants which increase levels of serotonin in the brain have been found to be very useful too. In order to prevent Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome, a person should control his drinking problem if he is a heavy drinker. He can

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Lab report introduction Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Introduction - Lab Report Example HindIII is commonly isolated from the Haemophilus bacteria d Bacteria. It has a polymorphic restriction site on the intron 19 of factor VIII gene. It recognizes rthe double stranded sequence of the DNA at AAGCTT and then cleaves after A-1 (Dubey, Hussain & Mittal n.d.).DNA is negatively charged. The working principle in gel electrophoresis involves the movement of the DNA sample in the agarose gel. The difference in the base pairs impact a difference in the molecular weight of the DNA and so when the current is introduced at the cathodic end of the electrophoretic chamber the DNA will move to the anode with the difference in weight causing the bands to be formed at different locations Francois 2010). Our reference sample (ÃŽ »DNA) has a restriction site for the enzyme and so presence of matching bands with our sample DNA will show the presence of the wild type gene. In the case of no match, then we will rule out the presence of the wild type gene to the presence of the mutant gene. The three samples will be run concurrently. The samples will be placed on the wells and when the power is switched on the movement will be monitored and images taken to do the comparison. With one sample being undigested and the other one digested we want to differentiate between the wild type and the mutant genes. With the wild type after digestion by the restriction enzyme HindIII the DNA is broken down and forms strands with 3236 base pairs and 1125 base pairs (Isaac & Stacey 1994). This implies that due to the digestion process the bulk DNA has been broken down into lighter fragments and so with reduced molecular weight it will move faster across the electrophoretic gel. The restriction process takes place at an optimum temperature of 370C. Dubey, A. O., Hussain, N., & Mittal, N., n.d., ‘HindIII-based restriction fragment length polymorphism in hemophilic and non-hemophilic patients,’ Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine, 1 (1), pp. 25-28, doi:Â  

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Critically analyse and evaluate current developments Essay Example for Free

Critically analyse and evaluate current developments Essay In the 1980s and 1990s the cruise industry saw the emergence of a new market, which was younger people with considerable income but no families. The term DINKYs was given to these couples which meant Double Income No Kids Yet These couples were excellent to target as they had plenty of disposable income and they do not have any children to worry about, being able to go on holiday, when they like and where they like, spending their quality time together and not having to worry about the price. In 1990s 15% of the passengers who cruised with PO and Princess Cruises were from the UK and researches showed that there is still an active UK market. In 1998, the UK cruise market was expanding dramatically. Companies which had operated in the traditional holiday market were adding cruising to their portfolio and greatly increased their supply of cruise holidays for the UK market. Although cruising is loved by many travellers, there is still a staggering 98% of the population who have not taken a cruise, reasons identified by Dickinson and Vladimir (1997) cited in Cartwright and Baird (1999) revealed five main reasons why people do not cruise which consist it being too expensive, the exclusivity, family commitments, claustrophobia and sea sickness. Disabled consumers The disabled consumer group have become more interested in the cruising industry, many cruise liners did not offer ships which catered to disabled people. Now with the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, where all places who offer service have to make reasonable adjustments the cruise liners had no choice but to build disability-friendly rooms for their travelling disabled passengers. Not saying that they did not have these rooms before, but some cruise liners did not offer this service for the disabled consumer group, and it was against the law. There should be no problems for disabled people finding a cruise liner suitable for them as all cruise liners now offer fully disabled facilities within the ships to cater to the disabled consumer group. Family Cruising In the 1990s a major development which was companies targeting families with children was put in place, by providing facilities not only for the adults but also for the children to enjoy, now in 2005, almost every cruise line offers family cruises. If a cruise liner does not offer a family cruise they are missing out on making lots of money. Although there are still some cruises which specifically do not allow children, reason being because these cruises are for the older / retired people who do not wish for screaming, noisy, crying children and babies when they are trying to relax. Being a kid is all about having fun. Coincidentally, so is vacation. But kids and parents rarely agree on what is fun. To parents, fancy dinners, late night shows and reading by the pool are fun. Kids have more fun playing games, doing scavenger hunts, and going down waterslides. The good news is that all of these activities occur on a cruise, making a cruise the vacation of choice for todays families. Under the supervision of the youth staff, kids can play video games, eat pizza and play in a ball pit, while parents relax and have a fabulous five course meal. It is a parents and kids dream come true! (familycruise. com [online] 2005) The quote above was taken from www. familycruise. com an internet site which specifically caters for family cruises. Helping families to plan holidays which will keep both parents and kids happy on their holiday. Parents love to go on cruises so they have to be able to find a ship which caters for the family, letting the children have a good time on the cruise and also for the parents to relax and not have to worry about looking after their kids and think about what they are doing and are able to do on-board. The cruise industry has continued to grow rapidly since the introduction of family cruises. This might be due to parents now being able to have their dream holiday, a cruise, and not have to worry about their children as they can go too and have fully trained sitters to look after their kids and keep them occupied all day long. Price Cheap prices are what the lower-end consumers are looking for. A good price with an average cruise holiday, they cannot expect more than that as they are not paying a high price for a luxury cruising holiday. Although the cruise industry is very expensive, there are still many consumers who like to go on cruises. This could be due to status, as only the wealthier people can afford to go on these high-class cruises. In 1999, it was possible to obtain a seven day cruise from the UK for i 399 per person, which then was cheap compared to the top end cruises which were around i 2000 per person. Now in 2005, cruises prices start from i 599+ per person. This is rather expensive as the average family spends around that price for a holiday a year, not per person. Cheaper cruising prices should be being introduced and this would be an excellent idea as many lower-end consumers want to experience a good cruise but unfortunately do not have the funds. If cruise liners offered cheaper cruises with good experiences not only the wealthy passengers can go but so can the lower-end customers. Incentives Cruises in America often have many deals which include, prices starting from $399, book before Jan and receive an extra nights stay, children under 16 cruise for free and many more. This is a good way to make more sales and allow people to pick their company to another one. As there are many incentives available which is what the consumers are looking for as they are paying a high price for their cruising holidays. Receive our special Early-Booking discount and free hotel stay. (cruise. gr [online] 2005) The quote above is very popular within the cruise industry, this is the type of incentive the consumer wants to see to help motivate them to purchasing the holiday. Consumers today are very greedy and like value for money, if they are buying on the internet they will always look for sites which offer them incentives towards their holidays, or when buying in travel agent they will try to get some freebies towards their holidays.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

John Calvins contribution to the church :: essays research papers

John Calvin "We must remember that Satan has his miracles, too."-John Calvin.1 Mr. John Calvin was the leading French Protestant Reformer and the most important figure in the second generation of the Protestant Reformation.2 He was a contributing catholic. We see why and how he was suck a good religious man by his backround, biography, and contributions to Christianity. He created a thing called "Calvinism"3 which helped form Christianity. His life was certainly a remarkable one. John Calvin's life started on July Tenth, 1509 in Noyon, in picardy, France.4 He was born of two middle class parents. His father was a lay administrator in service of the local bishop.5 So, in Calvin's early years he was immediatly exposed to Catholicism. His native town was an old cathedral city whose bishop was its ruler and was at the same time one of the twelve Peers of France.6 Calvin's mother died very soon in Calvin's life, not much is known about her except she had a great reputation for piety.7 Calvin's life started off with a lot of religion surrounding him. In the years that Calvin was alive there were many govermental factors effecting his childhood as well. At the time of his birth until 1525, the throne of Noyon was occupied by Charles de Hangest who belonged to the nobility of the neighbourhood.8 A lot of his family members were involved in Catholicism, such connections were not without effect upon young Calvin. Growing up John Calvin was not an only child. His father married a young bourgeois, Jeanne Lefranc, who bore him four sons, Charles, Jean (John), Antoine and Francois. They also had two daughters, Marie and another whose name is unknown.9 Francois died at an early age, Charles became a priest and died excommunicated in 1537.10 Marie and Antoine followed the reformer to Geneua, where Antoine assisted his brother in his literary work.11 Clavin's father had great amibitions for his sons and especially for Jean, also known as John. John Calvin's father pressured his to study Law but in 1531 his father died giving Calvin the freedom to resume his religious studies.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Multinational Corporation and Country Nationals

In the recent decade, international human resource management (IHRM) experienced tremendous research growth due to the increase number of organizations begun to extend their businesses into overseas markets. Multinational Corporation (MNC) is the term used to describe a business with overseas operation. Some of the main reasons for the growth of interest in IHRM are: 1) the number of MNC has increased with rapid growth of global competition which resulted in increased mobility of human resource. 2) Effective HRM strategy has been recognized as determinant of success or failure of organization. ) It is more difficult to exercise control and implementation of corporate strategy over remote subsidiaries with different culture and background. (Fernando, 2006)In this article, we will discuss the difference between international and domestic human resource management and the challenges that organization faced when selecting, developing, motivating and maintaining the employees for the over seas assignment and how these issues will affect the strategy of the organization. Finally, the article will conclude that IHRM is complex, difficult and critical to global business success. Stone, 2008) It faces a lot of challenges as compared to domestic human resource management mainly due to the geographic dispersion and multiculturalism. Defining International Human Resource Management (IHRM) There is no consensus about what the term IHRM covers although most studies in the area have traditionally focused on the area of expatriation (Brewster and Harris, 1999). Taylor et al. (1996) define IHRM as a range of people management functions, processes and activities which involve consideration of more than one national context.Difference between Domestic Human Resource Management and International Human Resouce Management IHRM has similar human resource activities as domestic human resource management except that it is at a global level. Regardless of whether they are specific to one or several countries, the external constraints such as political, legal, economic and cultural can significantly influence the way HR functions are carried out and the HR manager will have to plan for the human resources, do acquisition for the right people in the right number at the right time, train and develop, aintain and motivate the employees. As stated by Dowling and Welch (2005), the complexities of operating in different countries and employing different national categories of workers are a key variable that differentiates domestic and international HRM. Domestic HRM involved employees within only one national boundary while IHRM deals with three national or country categories: the parent country where the firm is usually headquartered; the host country where a subsidiary may be located; and other countries which may be the source of labour, finance or research and development.In addition, there are three types of employees of an international firm: parent-country national s (PCNs); host-country nationals (HCNs) and third-country nationals (TCNs) (Dowling, Welch and Schuler, 1999). Dowling (1988) argues that the complexity of international HRM can be attributed to six factors such as more HR activities; the need for a broader perspective; more involvement in employees’ personal lives; change in emphasis as the workforce mix of expatriates and locals varies; risk exposure and broader external influences.Types of employees Managers can be hired three types of employees: parent country nationals; host country nationals and third country nationals. Parent country nationals (PCNs) are residents of the international business headquarter who are transferred to one of its overseas operations. Even though communications and coordination with headquarters is typically facilitated when PCNs are employed since they share a common culture and education background with headquarter but the number of PCNs employed in an organization is limited.This is due to t he high cost in relocating and maintaining them in host country and the lack of knowledge of local laws, culture, economic conditions, social structure and political processes. Host country nationals (HCNs) are residents of the host country and are the most common choice of mid-level and lower-level job. Employing HCNs is popular because they are familiar with local laws, culture and economic. Even though HCNs may be cheaper than PCNs but HCNs may not be familiar with the firm’s corporate culture nor its business practices.Third country nationals (TCNs) are citizens of neither the headquarter nor of the host country. They are most likely to be employ in upper-level or technical positions. Expatriate Expatriates are people working and residing in countries other than their native country. TCNs and PCNs are collectively known as expatriates. Organization usually takes great care in selecting expatriate as important roles are usually assigned to them and the cost of transferring wrong person overseas is enormous. It is known as expatriate failure when the expatriate return homes before the assignment is completed.The cost of failure would incur direct and indirect cost to the organizations and the expatriate. The indirect costs are harder to quantify in money terms and it includes causing the organization to lose its market share and expatriate may lose self-esteem. Dowling & Welch (2005) had concluded that factors moderating performance would include: spouse/ partner dissatisfaction; inability to adapt; difficulties with family adjustment in the new location; culture and language difficulties. RecruitmentRecruiting and then deploying people to positions where they can perform effectively is a goal of most organizations whether domestic or international. Recruitment in international context is no easy job. Cross-national differences in work values influence how attractive a firm is perceived to be within any given culture because what individuals want from an employer may vary across culture. (Caligiuri, Lepak & Bonache, 2010) Therefore, companies should adopt different sets of selection practice and recruitment message based on the culture of the country they are recruiting.In MNCs, most positions are filled by HCNs as it is cheaper than hiring expatriate and they are more familiar with the local culture, economics and business environment. But it is still common to employ expatriate in management role since they had better understanding of the culture and business background. Expatriate selection is much more difficult than domestic selection. The HR manager may have stringent screening process as these expatriate will be mostly being employ in management level that has greater responsibility for the business.Therefore, only experienced candidates will be selected for overseas assignment. On the other hand, candidates are becoming increasingly selective regarding their choice of overseas assignment making it more difficult for expa triate to be employed. Selection is often conducted through supervisor’s interview of candidates. With expatriate being employed in management role could mean that they are the ones interviewing the HCNs. In this case, it would be especially challenging as behaviors may be interpreted through a cultural lens and unintended inferences may be made.Caligiuri, Lepak & Bonache (2010) had concluded that firm that dedicates the time to answer the strategic questions about employee competencies globally – and, in turn, effectively selects for them within the various countries where it operates – has a competitive advantage within its global workforce for implementing global business strategy. Training and Development The objective of training and development is to foster learning among the organizational members and to develop enriched and more capable workers, who, in turn, can enhance organizational competitiveness and effectiveness.As compared to domestic organizatio n, multinational organization faces a number of unique challenges in training and developing function. This is due to that multinational firms differ in their operations from those of domestic firms in terms of geographic dispersion and multiculturalism. (Adler, 2002) It may be difficult when translating training material; therefore it is important to understand the importance of sensitivity to local language and culture. Sims (2002) states that how people learn and the methods of training with which they are comfortable vary across cultures.In order to achieve success in oversea assignment, it is very important to train the employees based on the economics and practices of foreign countries. Dessler G. (2008), concluded that overseas candidate required special training like focusing on the impact of cultural differences, provides factual knowledge about the target country and provides skill building in areas like language and adjustment and adaptation skills. It is very challenging when come to designing training and development programs for multinational company. A unique training program for each subsidiary is needed based on the country language and culture.Performance Management Performance Management (PM) is a strategic HRM process that enables the immediate supervisor to evaluate the employee’s job performance and contribution towards the organization’s goals and rewards as outcomes of performance evaluation or appraisal. Training and development plan can be derived from PM to enhance the performance of the employees. As is stated by Armstrong (1994), PM involves the links to organizational strategy, setting individual performance goals, providing regular feedback on progress towards those goals, providing opportunities for improving and linking result and rewards.The scope of PM in multinational companies (MNCs) is much broader and complicated that in domestic companies. This is due to that MNCs operate in many nationals with various type s of employee groups. (Scullion H. & Linehan M. , 2005) Generally, an employee’s performance on the job is affected by their skills, perceptions, relationship with peers and superior, personal values, levels of motivation and commitment, the work environment and the level of challenge assigned to them.In a global context, this multiplicity of factors is further complicated by differences in culture, education, values and long distances between superior and subordinate. Fernando K. V. (2006), had concluded that the challenge of organization’s when it comes to performance management is to retain and develop their talent; enable the mass majority to perform at their best level; align performance at all levels globally to effectively deploy strategy; recognize and motivate performance at all levels and help differentiate employee performance.PM in IHRM will require different program and criteria based on the country culture to effectively measure the performance of the emp loyees. Simply exporting the head office program may end in disaster if it is not culturally sensitive. (Stone, 2008) Compensation Compensation is one of the most important HRM functions. In both IHRM and domestic HRM, compensation has the same common objectives that are to attract and retain the desired quality of employees and motivate employees to improve their performance and contribute their best to help to achieve the organization’s business objectives.According to resource-based theory, organizations that effectively apply appropriate compensation policies to maintain and retain knowledgeable and skilled employees can serve to protect this source of sustainable competitive advantage. As is stated by Dowling (1988), the key differences for HRM in MNCs lie in the increased scope; perspective and level of involvement required in employees’ live as well as the level of risk. Compensation in IHRM has the greater risk.The risk increased by the complexities of operatin g within multiple diverse economic, employment and taxation regimes and through direct and indirect cost inefficiencies associated with international staff transfers and also with the implementation of an international compensation strategy. (Harzing & Ruysseveldt, 2004) In IHRM, the compensation strategy is influenced by a list of internal and external variable. Some of the variables would include: (internal) capacity to pay; competitive strategy; organizational culture; (external) labour market characteristics; local culture and parent nationality.The most challenging part is to reduce the risk of perceived inequities by maintaining companywide pay scales and policies. By doing so, the organization can ensure that the same job grade will be paid within the same narrow range. Implementing companywide pay scale might not be fair for those who are being transferred to country, like Japan, where the cost of living is higher. One way to handle the problem is to pay a similar base salar y companywide, and then add on various allowances according to individual market conditions. (Infante V. Determining equitable wage in many countries is no simple matter due to the differences in culture and market characteristic. As a result, one of the greatest difficulties in managing multinational compensation is establishing consistent compensation measures between countries. (Dessler, 2008) Industrial relations It is difficult to compare industrial relations systems and behavior across national boundaries as national differences in economic, political and legal systems produce markedly different industrial relations systems across countries.Trade unions may limit the strategic choices of multinationals in three ways by influencing wage levels to the extent that cost structure may become uncompetitive; by constraining the ability of MNCs to vary employment level at will and by hindering or preventing global integration of the operations of multinationals. Trade unions will be a ble to cause the MNCs to suffer labour cost disadvantages which may narrow their strategic options or caused industrial or political problems. Therefore the HR managers should ensure that the practices adhere to and reinforce strategicHRM objectives and policies and are in harmony with the desired corporate culture, concessions granted in one location do not create damaging precedents for the rest of the organization and ethical and legal obligations are met. (Stone, 2008) MNCs must be well versed in international industrial relations and be aware that each industrial relations system is unique in order to translate organizational HRM objectives and policies into appropriate industrial relations practices on a worldwide scale. ConclusionIHRM is the handling of HRM activities at a global level. It is complex, difficult and critical to global business success. (Stone, 2008) It faces a lot of challenges as compared to domestic human resource management mainly due to the geographic disp ersion and multiculturalism. Individual business units in various countries may have different HRM strategies due to the different in culture. Although the strategies might be different but somehow it is still intact with the global strategy as define by international business headquarter.With this, the MNCs will have competitive advantage as compared to its competitors who are using HRM strategies at a national level. Challenge increases as they have to handle employees from three different nationals: parent country nationals (PCN), host country nationals (HCN) and third country nationals (TCN). Organization takes great care in selecting employees from parent country and third country which is known as expatriate. This is because the failure of the expatriate may cost the organization to lose its market share and the expatriate may lose self-esteem.Training and performance management in IHRM faces a number of unique challenges due to the different in culture. Different program need s to be design for different subsidiary. Simply exporting the head office program may end in disaster if it is not culturally sensitive. (Stone, 2008) Compensation is one of the most important functions. The most challenging part in IHRM is that it needs to reduce the risk of perceived inequities by maintaining companywide pay scales and policies.Various allowances should be added on top of the basic salary especially for those expatriate who are located in countries with higher cost of living. Last but not least, MNCs need to be well versed in international industrial relations in order to translate organizational HRM objectives and policies into appropriate industrial relations practices on a world-wide scale.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

First Day at College Essay

My first day at college is a memorable day in my life. I had been earnestly waiting for that day for a long time, because I heard many things about college education from my elder brother and neighbors who were college students. I started feeling that they had the advantage of moving about with an air of superiority. At last the long-sought day came and it was the 20th of July, 2002. A new pulsation began to urge me since morning to start for the place where the college stands. So, it was quite early when I reached the college. I was loitering hither and thither until I met a friend. He advised me to take down the routine which was displayed in the notice board. He showed me the notice board. I went there and took down the routine. It was the first thing that I did on my first day at college. I started to experience that the system in the college was different from what I was accustomed to in the school. With the ringing of the bell announcing the end of a period, the students change d class-rooms unlike in a school where rooms were fixed for different classes. The professors looked comparatively grave and composed and not grim and frightening like school teachers. The students behaved with chastening politeness. Even the menial staff appeared relatively refined and cultured in their dealings. I did not know before that roll-call was done in each period. All that, in fact, gave me a new kind of experience. On that day I had three classes, scheduled for the third, fifth and sixth periods. In the third period I had English. The Professor came, called over the rolls; told us a few words of welcome and then focused on the importance of learning English. In the fifth period we had the professor of Math. I enjoyed the class very much, while in the sixth period, the professor of Logic and Philosophy gave us an introductory talk on Deductive logic. All teachers were past masters in their respective subjects and I felt proud to have become a student of such erudite scholars. I had a big gap in the fourth period followed by recess. I was moving about in the college compound while a new class-fellow took me to the college canteen. He entertained me with a tea and snacks and we felt like being great friends. From there we went to students’ Common Room where I skipped over the newspaper head-lines and he played a game of ping pong with other students. A big gathering near the Botanical Garden drew my attention and I felt curious to see what happened there. I took leave of my new friend and made for that place. Having gone near, I noticed that a student, ostensibly a leader, was addressing the crowd. I did not like the harangue and went to the nearby building. I found that it was the library building. I entered into the spacious reading room wherein many students were engrossed in study. I felt highly tempted to sit with them but I had no library card. So, I had to check my temptation. I came out the intention to procure a library card as soon as possible. Meanwhile, the bell for the fifth period rang and I moved into the college hall for the class in Math. After my class-hours I straight came back home with a strange thrill of pride and pleasure. In fact, I started feeling that I was on the threshold of shaping up.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Free Essays on Anorexia Vs. Bulimia

Anorexia Nervosa vs. Bulimia Nervosa In today’s society many people are affected by eating disorders and their deadly side effects. Two of the most common eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are often confused for one another because they each share many of the same qualities; however, each disorder has its own distinct behaviors that make it quite different from the other. Because each disorder is serious and can be deadly, it is important for people to understand each one individually in order to be able to distinguish each disorder from the other. In comparison, both eating disorders involve dangerous behaviors that the victims of the disorders believe to either aid in the loss of weight or prevent the gain of weight. The victims of both disorders generally have poor self-images and emotional stress that is often accompanied by feelings of guilt and depression. Another strong comparison to make between anorexia and bulimia is that psychologists have yet to find out if the causes of the disorders are from genetics, the environment, or a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. Most theories today conclude that both disorders stem from a combination of genetic factors, such as chemical imbalances in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, and environmental factors, such as the value of slenderness and the rejection of obesity. Another strong comparison is that both disorders are found to be much more common among females than males. In contrast, the two eating disorders vary from each other in that each disorder has its own distinct practices and behaviors in which its victims partake. Practices for victims of anorexia nervosa include refusal to eat any kind of food and denial that their behaviors and unhealthy appearance are unusual. Practices for victims of bulimia nervosa differ in that the victims will binge on incredibly large and abnormal quantities of food and then purge, which is o... Free Essays on Anorexia Vs. Bulimia Free Essays on Anorexia Vs. Bulimia Anorexia Nervosa vs. Bulimia Nervosa In today’s society many people are affected by eating disorders and their deadly side effects. Two of the most common eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are often confused for one another because they each share many of the same qualities; however, each disorder has its own distinct behaviors that make it quite different from the other. Because each disorder is serious and can be deadly, it is important for people to understand each one individually in order to be able to distinguish each disorder from the other. In comparison, both eating disorders involve dangerous behaviors that the victims of the disorders believe to either aid in the loss of weight or prevent the gain of weight. The victims of both disorders generally have poor self-images and emotional stress that is often accompanied by feelings of guilt and depression. Another strong comparison to make between anorexia and bulimia is that psychologists have yet to find out if the causes of the disorders are from genetics, the environment, or a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. Most theories today conclude that both disorders stem from a combination of genetic factors, such as chemical imbalances in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, and environmental factors, such as the value of slenderness and the rejection of obesity. Another strong comparison is that both disorders are found to be much more common among females than males. In contrast, the two eating disorders vary from each other in that each disorder has its own distinct practices and behaviors in which its victims partake. Practices for victims of anorexia nervosa include refusal to eat any kind of food and denial that their behaviors and unhealthy appearance are unusual. Practices for victims of bulimia nervosa differ in that the victims will binge on incredibly large and abnormal quantities of food and then purge, which is o...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Grammar Done Right †Interview With Karen Reddick

Grammar Done Right – Interview With Karen Reddick Grammar Done Right Interview With Karen Reddick Grammar Done Right Interview With Karen Reddick By Sharon Karen Reddick runs the Red Pen Editor and is the author of Grammar Done Right. We asked her about her book and her views on writing and editing. Hi Karen, and welcome to Daily Writing Tips. Can you tell us a little about yourself? Hi, Sharon. Thank you for inviting me. I am a freelance book editor, specializing in nonfiction developmental, copyediting, and proofreading of books in the genre of business, how-to, self-help, political, and humor. I provide the same services for fiction in the genre of mystery, thriller, romance, and urban. I also offer author support for authors that have a book in them, but dont know what steps to take to get their book into published form. How did you get into editing? Finding typos has always been my gift. Its as if the mistakes jump off the page and land in my lap. I am also an avid reader, and I truly love words. I love how words come together to make sentences and sentences come together to make paragraphs and paragraphs come together to make stories. Ive always been fascinated with how good sentence structure can bring life to a story. I took my love for the written word and my ability to find mistakes and combined them to create The Red Pen Editor. What makes a good editor, in your opinion? To me, there are three types of editors: the educated, the experienced, and the gifted. A good editor should possess all three of these qualities. How did you come to write Grammar Done Right? Grammar Done Right! came about after I started a weekly Grammar Tips ezine back in 2005. By the end of 2007 I had over 100 tips on grammar and style usage. So, the logical next step was to take those grammar and writing tips and create a book. Now, nearing the end of 2008, Ill have 52 more tips to share. I believe there might be a Grammar Done Right! 2nd Edition in the near future. You describe it as The only reference book youll need to read. What about the book justifies that claim? My goal when writing the book was to make it as clear and concise as possible. A quick reference guide that anyone, from 5th grade to adult, could pick up and find an easy explanation for a certain grammar or style rule. The reference books I, and many others, use are those huge tomes that take forever to look up rules with impossibly long explanations of the rule that an average person cant understand. Therefore, Grammar Done Right! provides easy-to-find, and understand, references to the most common grammar and writing rules and puts them in a quick, commonsense format. I first found you through the Grammar Done Right comic strip. How and why did you come to do that? Somebody on Twitter posted a reference to Bitstrips.com. I went to the site out of curiosity. Im always looking for ways to promote my editing business and my book and something at this site just clicked. Plus, I believe laughter truly is the best medicine, so anything that I can create that might cause another person to smile, or laugh out loud, is okay by me. What kind of response has the strip had? All of my grammar comics have developed a strong following. I can also share the comics on my blog, on Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, Digg, and StumbleUpon. Thats great exposure! Whats the best advice you have ever had about writing or editing? Cut out unnecessary words! Your ultimate goal as a writer is to attract readers. Readers are busy people and most dont have time for leisure reading anymore. Write concise, to the point, and forget all the extra jargon. Your readers will love you for it. Whats the best advice you have ever given about writing or editing? Cut out unnecessary words and banish the adverb! Our language is filled with so many wonderful verbs, lets be creative and use them. Whats your favorite word at the moment and why? My favorite word right now is: Appreciation. Im all about being thankful and grateful for what I am given every day. The chance to wake up healthy, happy, and the freedom to create my own destiny. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund PhrasesDo you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?35 Synonyms for Rain and Snow

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Chile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chile - Essay Example Chile was marred with a lot of Europeanization and institutionalization of political parties. (Lederman, Daniel, 27) The ideological gaps were subsequently filled by the emergence of those organizations that were determined to do away with the ideologies of Gen. Augusto Pinochet Urgarte. Rather than been involved into political parties through the ideologist, the Chilean systematically found themselves involved with democratization specifically the working class. Study reveal that the appearance of populism was systematic and always did that in partial form. Mostly it came about through leadership style, as a redistributive program or as a multiclass collision. Several individuals have been associated with the move from populism to social democratization. One of these individuals was Arturo Alessandri Palma, particularly through his role, where he pioneered a demagogic crusade among the working class promising them of redemption. Alesandri eventually managed to be the president of Chile where he advanced the democratic socialism among the masses. (Lederman, Daniel, 40) In 1938, Carlos Ibanez got to power with the Chilean Nazis, also known as National Social Movement. Ibanez had managed to bring populist together, which was later utilized by Frei of Christian Democratic